摘要
水动力型滑坡是指在冰川融雪、降雨、水位变动、地表径流及地下水活动等水动力因素驱动下而发生的斜坡岩土体失稳灾害。西南地区是水动力型滑坡尤其是库区滑坡的高发区,其失稳破坏直接威胁到人类的生命财产和基础设施的安全,且有可能造成深远的次生灾害,提升水动力型滑坡灾害的监测预警、综合防控与应急处置水平极为迫切。水动力型滑坡易发于松散堆积层、破碎岩体、软岩以及含有软弱夹层的斜坡等地层,地质环境、水文活动以及人类活动干扰等因素的长期作用在水动力型滑坡的孕育过程中起着关键作用。斜坡在各种不利因素的持续交替作用下,逐渐产生变形破坏,稳定性不断降低并趋于极限失稳状态,最终在短期水文条件的改变下而导致整体失稳破坏。斜坡失稳后的滑坡动力过程非常复杂,尤其是特大型高位滑坡,在运动过程中可能会产生强烈的冲击破碎和沿程侵蚀铲刮现象,导致滑坡运动性态的改变和堆积方量的增大,水的存在会加剧滑坡沿程侵蚀铲刮作用以及导致运动性态向流态化转变而造成更远的运动距离和更广的致灾范围。水动力型滑坡是一个复杂的系统性问题,不同地质结构和水动力条件的滑坡变形破坏过程存在很大差异,远距离非接触式滑坡早期识别与监测技术以及基于人工智能和大数据且具备自主学习的滑坡预报预警方法是未来重要发展方向。水动力型滑坡防治涉及到工程建设、经济民生、社会等多方面因素,需要综合运用工程措施和非工程措施。在未来水利水电工程建设过程中,应重视库区滑坡的危害性,复建设施的修建应尽可能远离库区滑坡影响区。
Water-induced landslide refers to the slope instability events directly caused by water-related factors(including rainfall, fluctuation of reservoir level, surface runoff, groundwater activities and others). Southwest China is a high-incidence area of water-induced landslides, especially for reservoir landslides. The water-induced landslides directly threaten the safety of human life, property and infrastructure, and may cause far-reaching secondary disasters. It is extremely urgent to improve the level of monitoring, early warning, comprehensive control and emergency disposal of water-induced landslides. Water-induced landslide can be induced in loose accumulated formation, broken rock mass, soft rock and rock slope with soft rock interlayer or weak structural plane. Long-term evolution of geological environment, hydrological conditions and human disturbance play key roles in the development of water-induced landslide. Under uninterrupted alternation of various adverse factors, the slope gradually produces deformation and local failure with the decrease of stability and tends to the limit instability state. Finally, the short-term change of hydrological conditions makes a large-scale slope instability. The dynamic process of landslide after slope instability is very complex, especially the large-scale landslide in high elevation, which can produce strong impact disturbance fragmentation and erosion with scraping along the movement course, resulting in the change of landslide movement pattern and the increase of accumulation volume. The presence of water can intensify the erosion with scraping along the movement course and lead to the change of movement pattern to fluidization, resulting in a longer movement distance and a wider disaster-causing scope. Water-induced landslide is a complex and systematic problem. The deformation and failure processes of landslides under different geological structures and hydrodynamic conditions are quite different. Long-distance, non-contact early identification and monitoring te
作者
周家文
陈明亮
李海波
徐奴文
肖明砾
杨兴国
孙海龙
戚顺超
ZHOU Jiawen;CHEN Mingliang;LI Haibo;XU Nuwen;XIAO Mingli;YANG Xingguo;SUN Hailong;QI Shunchao(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065)
出处
《工程地质学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第5期1131-1145,共15页
Journal of Engineering Geology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1501100)资助~~
关键词
水动力型滑坡
形成机理
破坏模式
动力过程
监测预警
防控减灾
Water-induced landslide
Formation mechanism
Failure mode
Movement process
Monitoring and early warning
Hazard prevention and control
