摘要
本文将实地案例调查与基于20423位村民、632户低保家庭数据的定量分析相结合,考察了农村居民最低生活保障制度实施过程与政策要求不尽相符的具体表现与成因机制。本文研究结果表明:在识别保障对象时,原本应作为识别标准的农村家庭收入因难以准确衡量而被淡化,老龄、残疾等直观的个体特征成为主要的识别依据;同时,低保评审过程中村民评议环节作用突出而政府主体角色弱化,伦理道德、乡村治理乃至村组干部意志等都会对评审过程产生影响;继而,诸多附加或配套政策又产生了放大农村低保评审乱象的客观效果。本文认为,农村最低生活保障制度应当从提升保障对象识别的精准度入手加以完善,强化基层政府的主体作用,并结合各项脱贫帮扶措施的梳理和优化,使之最终成为更加完善的农村社会保障体系的组成部分。
An inconsistency between the implementation process of the rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(MLSG) program and the intention of the policy design has been witnessed. This article uses mixed methodology by combining case study and empirical survey based on data from 20423 rural residents and 632 household recipients for the MLSG program, and analyzes the phenomenon and causes of this phenomenon. The results indicate that visible individual characteristics like age and disability have become the dominant factors in determining the recipients, whereas households' income, which is deemed to be the identification criterion as described by the program's policy, has not been seriously considered owing to the difficulty in income measurement. At the same time, the process of villagers' review appears to play a prominent role, whereas the role played by local governments becomes weakened. In this case, rural ethics, village governance and village cadres appear to affect the review results. Furthermore, a number of supporting policies have contributed to the inconsistency. The study implies that the MLSG program policies should be improved by way of increasing targeting accuracy, putting more emphasis on the role played by local governments, and optimizing other poverty alleviation policies, so as to make the MLSG program part of a more comprehensive rural social security system.
出处
《中国农村观察》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第1期14-28,共15页
China Rural Survey
