摘要
【目的】探究郑州地区春季桃粉蚜发生规律和危害特点,鉴定不同桃及其近缘种对粉蚜的抗性,旨在为桃粉蚜的科学预防和桃抗粉蚜育种奠定基础。【方法】从2月下旬开始,每隔5 d对种植在郑州果树研究所抗性鉴定圃内的桃种质及其近缘种进行粉蚜发生、发展和危害调查;同时于粉蚜发生期采集发生粉蚜的桃树新梢和叶片,对圃内各种质材料进行过量接种,7 d后评价不同种质的抗粉蚜特性。【结果】郑州地区桃粉蚜一般在每年3月上中旬出现,6月下旬以后开始大量减少,集中危害发生在4月下旬至6月上旬,有时持续到6月中下旬;桃粉蚜大发生时,新梢、幼叶及成熟叶片均受危害,被害叶失绿并向叶背对合纵卷,覆有白色蜡粉。27份不同来源桃种质均表现感蚜,抗性等级为4级或5级;18份桃及其近缘种质群体中‘榆叶梅1号’群体高抗粉蚜,‘蒙古扁桃1号’群体和‘四道岭野生李’抗粉蚜,‘贵州毛桃4号’群体中抗粉蚜,甘肃桃、山桃、光核桃、西康扁桃等其他群体易感粉蚜。【结论】明确了郑州地区春季桃粉蚜发生和危害特点,拓展了对桃粉蚜寄主范围的认识,鉴定到‘榆叶梅1号’‘蒙古扁桃1号’‘四道岭野生李’和‘贵州毛桃4号’等抗粉蚜种质。
【Objective】Peach mealy aphid, Hyalopterus persikonus belongs to Hyalopterus genus and is one of the three mealy aphids in Prunus plants. It is very similar to Hyalopterus amygdale and Hyalopterus pruni morphologically. Peach mealy aphid was seldom studied as a distinguished species in the past. As one of major worldwide pests occuring in the spring, it was very difficult for chemical insecticides to deal with the aphid due to a layer of wax powder on the body. Meanwhile, the use of chemicals could not only increase the production cost, pollute the environment and bring potential risk to food safety, but also kill the natural enemies and destroy the biodiversity. However, occurrence regularity of peach mealy aphid was scarcely known in many regions in China, especially in Zhengzhou. Moreover, till now rare resistant germplasms to peach mealy aphid has been reported. Recently, the occurrence range of peach mealy aphid fast expanded and the damage was gradually aggravated. New effort is needed to face the situation. We aimed at investigating the occurrence and the damage of peach mealy aphid on peaches in the spring in Zhengzhou, and identifying the resistant germplasms from different peaches and their wild relatives in order tosupply a foundation for scientific management of peach mealy aphid and resistance breeding in the future.【Methods】27 peach accessions from species of Prunus mira, Prunus davidiana, Prunus kansuensis,Prunus persica and Prunus ferganisis and 18 populations derived from different peaches and its wild relatives including materials from species P. mira, P. davidiana, P. kansuensis, P. ferganisis, P. triloba, P.tangutica, P. mongolica, P. cerasifera and P. salicina were planted in nursery of Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute for resistance identification, and all trees were four or five years old. The seedlings of each population came from the seeds of open pollinated mother trees. The occurrence, colony development and damage of H. persikonus on peaches and its relatives were investigated
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第12期1550-1555,共6页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303093)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项经费项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-ZFRI-01)
关键词
桃粉蚜
发生规律
危害特点
抗蚜性鉴定
桃及其近缘种
Hyalopterus persikonus
Occurrence regularity
Damage characteristics
Resistance evaluation
Peach and its relatives
