摘要
目的分析与识别污水处理项目可能存在的主要职业病危害因素,评价其防护措施设计,为进一步做好污水处理项目职业卫生防护及管理工作提供参考。方法对2014年上海市4个污水处理建设项目职业病危害预评价报告进行分析,找出项目设计中存在的问题,并提出建议。结果污水处理项目运行期间涉及的职业病危害因素有氨、硫化氢、甲胺、甲硫醇、噪声、高温、聚丙烯酰胺粉尘、聚合氯化铝粉尘、紫外线、工频电场等。加药间职业病防护措施不完善。各类比项目职业病危害因素检测结果均符合国家标准,职业健康检查均不符合要求。4个污水处理项目的总体布局、设备布局、个人防护用品、辅助用室符合率为100%;应急救援、职业病防治专项经费符合率为75%;建筑设计卫生、职业病危害防护设施符合率为25%,职业卫生管理制度符合率为零。结论上海市4个污水处理项目职业卫生防护及管理工作仍然存在一些问题,尤其是职业卫生管理制度有待进一步加强完善。应重视低浓度职业病危害因素对员工健康的影响,做好职业健康检查工作。
[Objective]To analyze and identify the possible occupational hazards in sewage treatment project,evaluate the design of the preventive measures,and provide the scientific basis for the occupational health protection and management of the sewage treatment project.[Methods]The pre-assessment reports on occupational hazards in four sewage treatment projects of Shanghai in2014 were analyzed,to find out the problems existing in the project design and bring forward targeted preventive measures.[Results]During the operation period of the sewage treatment project,the major occupational hazard factors were ammonia,hydrogen sulfide,methylamine,methyl mercaptan,noise,dust,high temperature,polyacrylamide dust,ultraviolet radiation and power frequency electric field. The occupational prevention measures were insufficient in dosing room. The detection results of occupational hazard factors in all analogy projects were in line with national standards,and the results of occupational health examination did not meet the requirements. In the four sewage treatment projects,the coincidence rates of general layout,equipment layout,individual protective articles and auxiliary room were 100%.The coincidence rates of emergency rescue measures and funds of occupational disease prevention were 75%.The coincidence rates of building design hygiene and occupational protecting facilitate were 25%.And the coincidence rate of occupational health management was 0.[Conclusion]There are still some problems in the occupational health protection and management in four sewage treatment projects,especially the occupational health management system needs to be further improved. Enterprises should pay attention to the effect of low concentration of occupational hazard factors on the health of employees and strengthen the occupational health inspection.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2016年第20期2750-2753,2757,共5页
Occupation and Health
关键词
污水处理
职业病危害
预评价
Sewage treatment
Occupational hazards
Pre-assessment
