摘要
本文以《官话指南》六种(含南北官话两种、沪语粤语翻译版四种)常用词异同为核心,发现其用词差异一方面反映了地域因素,另一方面词汇的历时演变也是制约地域分布的核心因素。这从另一个角度印证了常用词历时演变与其共时地域分布的特点,即词在历史时间上"纵"的层次与在地理空间上所形成的"横"的分布具有某种对应性。粤语、沪语除使用了大量方言特征词外,粤语改写本较多保留了古代常用词,沪语虽有保留,但受元明以后官话影响大,用词向南方官话、北京官话靠近,北京官话多使用明清代以来新见常用词。
Synonymous common words in six editions of The Guide to Kuan Hua(官话指南)(including 2 editions of Beijing Dialect and 4 translations in Shanghai Dialect and Cantonese) are generalized in this article.It is found that the differences among the common words mainly reflect regional factors,while the replacement of common words is the core factor that influences these factors.The character of the diachronic replacement and the synchronic distribution is verified from another perspective:there is a certain kind of correspondence among the historical,diachronic level and the geographic,synchronic level.Besides many Character Words,a relatively large number of old common words remained in the Cantonese edition.Some old words also remained in the Shanghai Dialect edition,however,Shanghai Dialect was deeply influenced by Mandarin from the Yuan and Ming dynasties and the vocabulary was close to Southern Mandarin and Beijing Mandarin,in which new common words from the Ming and Qing were frequently used.
出处
《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第6期54-63,共10页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"近代汉语常用词词库与常用词历史演变研究"(11&ZD125)子课题阶段性成果
