摘要
家庭生育决策的核心在于确定生育的性质,即生育小孩是需求品还是投资品1。只有找出生育性质之谜,才能在"全面放开二胎"背景下尽可能地找出释放生育的政策设计。为此,文章基于家庭时间配置和收入的视角采用2013年至2015年的抽样数据,对生育数量、存活数量、男孩生育数量、女孩生育数量进行生育性质的判断。结果发现:照顾老人数量和年龄是影响生育的最主要变量,缺少自有产权的住房和租房是抑制生育的主要因素,并且家庭时间配置在生育决策方面的作用大于收入因素;而家庭时间配置在生育决策方面的作用大于收入因素,则导致生育作为投资品的性质更为明显;收入、赡养老人的强度和养儿防老的认同感都验证了这一点;生育作为投资品的性质使得育龄妇女会在劳动参与和家庭再生产之间做出权衡,随着妇女收入提高,投资回报率较低而带来较低的生育率;而生育性质的性别差异,主要是由生育的群体差异即城乡差异和收入差异带来的。
The heart of family fertility decision is the determination of the nature of the birth, namely whether the children are demands or investments. Only to find the mystery of fertility nature, can find out the policy design of fertility release under the backdrop of ＂comprehensive two-child policy＂. Therefore, this paper judges the fertility natures such as the number of births, the number of survivals, the number of boys and the number of girls from the perspectives of family time allocation and income by the sampled data from 2013 to 2015. It arrives at the conclusions as follows： firstly, care for the elderly and age are the main variables affecting fertility, the lack of the own property rights of the housing and lodgings are the main factors inhibiting birth, and the role of family time configuration in reproductive decisions is stronger than the role of income; secondly, the stronger role of family time configuration in reproductive decisions than income factor leads to more obvious investment feature of fertility; thirdly, income, the strength of supporting the elderly and old-age security verify this view; fourthly, the nature of the fertility as the investment makes the women of childbearing age do a tradeoffbetween labor participation and family reproduction, and as women＇ s income rises, the rate of returns on investment is lower and brings to lower fertility rates; fifthly, the sex differences in fertility mainly result from group differences of fertility, namely urban-rural differences and income differences.
出处
《上海财经大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第6期28-41,共14页
Journal of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics
基金
国家自然基金青年基金项目"蒙古族生育转变及对其生计选择的作用机理研究"(71303102)
2013年高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金联合资助课题"民族地区加快转变经济发展方式与改善民生关系研究:以内蒙古为例"(20131501120008)
内蒙古自治区自然基金面上项目"‘放开二胎’政策下蒙汉居民生育意愿调整和生育行为比较研究"(2015MS0710)
内蒙古自治区自然基金博士项目"内蒙古企业雇主品牌体系建设研究"(2014BS0705)
关键词
生育性质
家庭时间配置
收入
需求品
投资品
fertility property
family time configuration
income
demand
investment
