摘要
环境史作为一门独立发展的史学分支学科,首先要解决的是环境的社会历史性问题。马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中重新阐释的"对象性关系"概念,为认识和把握这一问题提供了最初的理论基石。人类的"对象化"活动使得自然完成了"人化"的过程,从而演变成具有社会历史意义的自然,为环境史的诞生和"环境史"作为一门学科的成立提供了根本前提。处于对象性关系中的人与自然,其矛盾从来就有。在人类史中存在和发展的环境史,迄今为止已经经历了萌生与确立、普遍化与危机两个阶段,并正在孕育更生与和解的第三阶段。要正确认识环境问题的社会历史性,开展环境史学研究,就应当在"对象性"关系视域中审视人与自然的关系,同时坚持环境问题的社会历史性和环境史中的人类主体性,将环境问题与经济问题、政治问题、技术问题、文化问题等联系起来考察。
As a subfield of history,the study of environmental history faces a primary issue,which is how to address the socio-historicity of the environment. In his Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,Marx introduces the concept of 'estrangement'and / or 'objectification'in understanding human's relation with nature,which provides a theoretical foundation for dealing with the issue. Through 'objectification,'nature becomes humanized,or acquires socio-historical meaning. This process supplies the premise for the birth and development of environmental history. The ebb and flow of environmental history has reflected the estranged / objectified relationship between human beings and their natural environment. In order for environmental history to develop better into the future,it is imperative for us to examine the human-nature relationship from Marx's perspective on 'objectification. 'On the one hand,it is necessary to recognize nature's socio-historicity. On the other hand,one also needs to place human activity at the center of the study and realize that environmental issues are also closely related to many problems in other arenas,such as economics,politics,technology and culture.
出处
《史学理论研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第4期27-41,共15页
Historiography Bimonthly
