摘要
为增强氨杀灭土壤病原微生物、防控作物土传病害的效果,采用室内培养和盆栽试验的方法,研究了硝化抑制剂DMPP和(或)碳酸氢铵预处理潮土15 d,对土壤理化性质和土壤细菌、真菌、氨氧化菌、辣椒疫霉菌数量的影响以及对辣椒疫病的防效,并对辣椒疫病的发病率与土壤理化及微生物学性状进行相关性分析,为开发新的防控辣椒疫病的技术提供依据。结果表明,施加DMPP的土壤铵态氮含量显著高于对照,而土壤pH、硝态氮和亚硝态氮含量显著低于对照。碳酸氢铵和DMPP配合施用处理土壤15 d,土壤细菌amo A基因拷贝数和辣椒疫霉菌ITS基因拷贝数分别降低34.9%(P>0.05)和93.8%(P<0.05);土壤16S r RNA基因拷贝数比未添加DMPP处理高出54.7%(P<0.05);DMPP对土壤氨氧化古菌amo A基因拷贝数无显著影响。栽植辣椒28 d后,DMPP和碳酸氢铵配合施用处理的辣椒疫霉菌ITS基因拷贝数最低(2.1×10~5 copies·g^(-1)),其次为DMPP(15.4×10~5 copies·g^(-1));对照辣椒根际疫霉数量最高(37.1×10~5 copies·g^(-1)),分别比碳酸氢铵处理、DMPP处理和DMPP和碳酸氢铵配合施用处理高0.4倍、1.4倍和16.8倍。碳酸氢铵或DMPP处理过的土壤栽植辣椒28 d后,对照辣椒疫病发病率最高(95.00%),仅施用碳酸氢铵处理发病率次之(85.00%),DMPP和碳酸氢铵配合施用处理的发病率最低(32.20%),其防治效果达66.11%。辣椒疫病的发生率与土壤电导率、硝态氮含量、疫霉菌数量正相关,与土壤pH、铵态氮含量、细菌及真菌数量负相关。综上,碳酸氢铵和DMPP配合施用降低潮土氨氧化细菌的数量,从而增加铵态氮而降低硝态氮含量,提高了土壤pH,进而降低土壤疫霉菌数量,因而能有效防控辣椒疫病。
Phytophthora blight of chili pepper, caused by oomycetes of Phytophthora capsici, has been reported to be a key limiting factor of chili pepper production worldwide. Increased public interest in protecting the environment and human health has prompted research in agronomic strategies that reduce the use of fungicides. Alternative control methods with high efficacy, low cost and limited environmental effect are high-priority research areas for sustainable agriculture. Under the same incubation conditions （soil moisture of 60% of field capacity, temperature of 25 ℃ and inoculation concentration of P. capsici of 500 CFU＆#183;g-1）, DMPP （1% applied pure N） and ammonium bicarbonate （AB） [100 mg（N）＆#183;kg-1] were added tofluvo-aquic soil and incubated for 15 d. Soil without any addition of DMPP and/or AB was set as the control. After incubation, DMPP or＆amp;nbsp;AB-treated soil was used to grow chili pepper in a pot experiment for 28 d. The effect of DMPP and AB application on disease incidence of Phytophthora blight of chili pepper was then compared. The soil physio-chemical and microbial responses （soil pH, electric conductivity, concentrations of different forms of nitrogen; numbers of total bacteria, fungi, P. capsici and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria） to the addition of DMPP and AB were determined. The relationship between Phytophthora blight disease incidence and soil phyiso-chemical and microbial characteristics was evaluated. The aim of the study was to investigate the control effects of DMPP-enhanced ammonium biocarbonate on Phytophthora blight of chili pepper and correlation with soil physio-chemical properties, and provided technological support for control of Phytophthora blight of chili pepper of greenhouse. The results suggested that compared with the control, the contents of soil ammonium nitrogen in DMPP and DMPP＋AB treatments were higher, and the contents of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen significantly lower. The application of DMPP for 15 d decreased copied gene numbers of ba
作者
曹云
王光飞
郭德杰
马艳
罗德旭
孙玉东
汪国莲
CAO Yun WANG Guangfei GUO Dejie MA Yana LUO Dexu SUN Yudong WANG Guolian(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China Huai＇an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huai＇an 223001, China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第10期1382-1390,共9页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
农业部公益性行业专项(201303023)
江苏省科技厅支撑计划(BE2014343)资助~~
关键词
硝化抑制剂
3
4-二甲基吡唑磷酸
碳酸氢铵
辣椒
疫病
氨氧化菌
Nitrification inhibitor
3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate （DMPP）
Ammonium bicarbonate
Chili pepper
Phytophthora blight
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
