摘要
采用涂布计数及荧光定量PCR和PCR-DGGE技术,研究了氨水熏蒸对土壤微生物区系的影响,并研究氨水熏蒸对高发枯萎病香蕉园枯萎病的防控效果和对香蕉产量的影响。结果表明:与熏蒸前相比,高发枯萎病香蕉园土壤施用130 L/667 m2的氨水熏蒸后,尖孢镰刀菌的数量下降了1个log单位;与对照处理相比,下降了0.5个log单位。氨水熏蒸后土壤可培养细菌数量与对照相比没有显著差异,但显著低于熏蒸前,可培养真菌的数量显著低于熏蒸前和对照;可培养细菌真菌的比值与熏蒸前相比没有显著差异,但显著高于对照。与对照及熏蒸前相比,氨水熏蒸后土壤中总细菌及总真菌的数量显著下降;熏蒸前后及对照处理总细菌真菌的比值没有明显差异。各土壤样品总细菌及真菌群落结构的PCR-DGGE分析结果表明,氨水熏蒸后土壤微生物在聚类上和条带组成上均与熏蒸前及对照有显著性差异。与对照相比,氨水熏蒸处理使香蕉枯萎病的发病率降低了20%,每666.7m2增产1.25t。以上结果表明,利用合适浓度的氨水对高发枯萎病香蕉园的土壤熏蒸,能够有效改良土壤微生物区系和降低枯萎病的发生。
Banana Fusarium wilt disease,caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4,has been reported to be the most limiting factor in Cavendish-banana production worldwide since 1996. Furthermore,the Cavendishbanana production comprised about 90% of the banana growing areas in south China,and more than 200,000 ha banana orchards in this area have been attacked. Among the managements for controlling Fusarium wilt disease,pre-planted fumigation of soil is one of the effective and stable means for this disease prevention. However,methyl bromide,one widely used soil fumigant,will be banned internationally in 2015 due to the destruction of the ozone layer. In this study,ammonia,to our knowledge,has been first applied as soil fumigant to control this soil borne disease as a chemical alternative to methyl bromide in banana planting field. Traditional plate counting,Real-Time PCR and PCR-DGGE methodswere used to determine the effects of ammonia fumigation on soil microflora,disease control efficiency and banana yield in a banana orchard with serious Fusarium wilt disease. Through the estimation by plate counting method,the number of Fusarium in the soil collected after fumigation with 130 L /667 m2 of ammonia decreased 1 and 0. 5 log unit,respectively,when compared with pre-fumigation（ BF） and the non-fumigation control（ CK）. The numbers of soil culturable bacteria in the soils from fumigation treatment（ AMO） and CK were significantly lower than that from BF treatment,while there was no significant difference could be detected among AMO and CK. CK and BF treatments showed significantly higher numbers of soil culturable fungi than AMO,while no significant difference could be detected among BF and CK treatments. The ratio of bacteria to fungi（ B / F） in AMO was significantly higher than that in CK,but no significant difference was observed among pre-fumigating treatment（ BF） and ammonia fumigating treatment（ AMO）. Through estimation by Real-Time PCR,the numbers of total bacteria and fungi i
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第9期2946-2953,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41101231
31372142)
中国博士后科学基金(2011M501248
2012T50479)
教育部博士点新教师基金(20110097120001)
关键词
香蕉枯萎病
氨水熏蒸
土壤微生物区系
产量
品质
banana Fusarium wilt disease ammonia fumigation soil microflora crop yield fruit quality
