摘要
伴随食用菌产业的蓬勃发展，其生产废料的数量也在迅猛增加。隐藏在食用菌美味的背后，是巨大的环境隐患和资源浪费。富含有机物质和矿物质元素使食用菌生产废料能够成为优质有机肥料的基础原材料，然而，现阶段对于该类废料的使用尚处于探索阶段，焚烧、填埋、肆意堆放是其常见的处置方式，严重影响着乡村的生态环境，制约着乡镇特色产业的可持续发展。将菌糠“废料”通过堆腐、加工成为“肥料”是其资源化农用的主要方式，文章以此为切入点展开论述，力求通过食用菌生产废料农用的优势分析入手，归纳其合理的堆腐方式，即将食用菌生产废料堆腐的最佳温度控制在55～60℃、物料水分含量控制在60％～65％之间、pH值应尽量调至7．5～8．5的范围。当生产废料堆肥的腐殖化参数（HI）〉1．9、腐殖酸E4／E6值有降低趋势、种子发芽指数（G1）〉0．8、C／N比低于20、T值（终点C／N与初始C／N之比）处于0．5～0．7的范围、pH值达到8．0～9．0的弱碱性范围，即可认定食用菌生产废料堆腐完成。相关成果可为食用菌生产废料资源化农用提供理论依据和现实参考。
With the vigorous development of edible mushroom industry, the amount of their production wastes had a rapid increase. It had a tremendous environmental risk and waste of resources, despite the edible mushrooms tasted delicious. The wastes from edible mushrooms production contained a great deal of organic matter and mineral elements, which could become a high quality raw material of organic fertilizer. However, the utilization of wastes from the edible mushrooms production was still in the stage of exploration so far. The common ways of disposal mainly included open burning, buried garbage and arbitrary stack, whieh could affect the rural ecological environment seriously and restrict the sustainable development of villages and towns special industries. Through the composting, the edible mushrooms production wastes being able to turn into the fertilizer was the main approach of agricultural reutilization of them. The article considered it mentioned above as a breakthrough point. The reasonable way of composting process was summarized from the advantage of edible mushrooms production wastes. The optimum temperature range of eomposting process using edible mushrooms production wastes as raw materials was controlled 55-60 ℃. The moisture content of compost materials should control among the range of 60%-65%. The pH value should be transferred to the range of 7.5- 8.5. When the humifieation index （HI） of compost materials〉1.9, the E4/E6 ratio of humic acid alkaline solution having a decreasing trend, the seed germination index （GI） being greater than 0.8, the C/N ratio being less than 20, the T value （the ratio of final C/N to initial C/N）being in the range of 0.5-0.7, the pH value being in a weak alkaline range （8.0-9.0）, which could be considered the Completely matured compost. The relevant results could provide a theoretical basis and a practical reference for the agricultural reutilization of edible mushrooms production wastes.
作者
张溪
王楠
陈永山
盛任
王应岭
刘镔娴
ZHANG Xi WANG Nan CHEN Yongshan SHENG Ren WANG Yingling LIU Binxian(Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University School of Plant Science, Jilin 132101)
出处
《吉林农业科技学院学报》
2016年第3期74-78,共5页
Journal of Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University
基金
吉林省教育厅大学生科技创新科研项目(吉农院合字[2015]第2015021号)
关键词
食用菌生产废料
堆肥
资源化农用
腐熟
edible mushrooms production wastes
composting
agricultural reutilization
matured compost
