摘要
20世纪上半叶是中国政治急剧变动的时代,也是现代高等教育和职业化的研究体系创建的时代。本文以社会科学中两大分支学科社会学和民族学为例,探讨以国立研究机构和教会大学为基础而形成的两种职业化的研究范式:一种为精美化的范式,强调对学术源流的史的考察和文献材料的挖掘和考证,强调与传统的衔接;一种强调现在和历史的差异,强调田野调查以及杜会服务。这两种范式催生了关于国族想象的两套迥然不同的理论体系,在这一时期关于民族身份认同的讨论中相互辉映。本文着重从知识传播的视角,梳理了德国民族志、美国芝加哥城市社会学以及英国功能主义人类学在形塑这两种知识以及知识人形态中的影响,以期理解20世纪初期的政治社会变迁与知识系统构建之间的关联。
Early twentieth-century China,as with other post-imperial states,faced the challenge of creating a nation encompassing different social groups and parochial cultures.Identifying different ethnic groups living in the borderlands and generating nationwide social cohesion became a fundamental question that concerns different intellectual communities.Distinct discourses on nationalism nurtured by modern disciplines resulted in fissures rather than greater unification of the national imagination.This paper focuses on the evolution of two disciplines,i.e.ethnology and ethnographic sociology,as they reacted to the dissolution of traditionalist scholarship.The transplantation of these two disciplines,one from continental Europe and the other from Anglo-American academia,followed disparate paths that resulted in different indigenization modes,consequently breeding utterly different national images.
出处
《北京大学教育评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第3期117-130,共14页
Peking University Education Review
