摘要
"改土归流"是清王朝治理边疆民族地区的一项重要政治举措。此项措施在西南地区的实施,加强了清王朝对西南边疆的统治,有利于中国统一多民族国家的发展,也促进了民族地区社会经济发展。但是清王朝却未在甘青地区大规模实施"改土归流",这一问题很值得进行深入探讨。这既表明甘青土司与南方土司类型不同,也说明甘青土司的存在不是清王朝在西北民族地区统治的障碍,相反却有着积极作用。相比南方土司的强大势力,甘青土司势力薄弱,而不断的汉化、分化与整合又导致其难成气候;此外甘青土司是稳定地方秩序的重要力量,而且在清王朝用兵西部边疆时,也发挥了积极作用。这些都是清王朝没有对甘青土司实施大规模"改土归流"的原因。本质上看,不对甘青土司进行大规模"改土归流",也是清王朝从地区实际出发调整治理策略的结果。
＂Bureaucratization of native officers＂was an important political move carried out by the Qing dynasty in governing the ethnic minority areas in the borderland. Its implementation in southwest China strengthened the central government＇s rule over the southwest borderland,which not only benefitted the development of China as a unified,multi- ethnic country but also promoted the social and economic development in the ethnic minority areas. However,the question why the Qing government did not implement this measure on a large scale in the Gansu-Qinghai region is worth further discussing. The fact showed that the chieftains in the Gansu-Qinghai region were different in types from those in south China,and also illustrated that their existence in the Gansu- Qinghai region played a positive role in the Qing government＇s rule in the ethnic minority areas in northwest China rather than hindering it. Compared with the powerful chieftains in south China,the chieftains in the Gansu-Qinghai region were weaker in power,and the continual Chinesization,differentiation and integration led to their difficulty in becoming strong. In addition,they were important forces in stabilizing the local order and played an active role when the Qing government resorted to arms in the west borderland. All those reasons led to the Qing government＇s not implementing ＂bureaucratization of native officers＂on a large scale to the chieftains in the Gansu-Qinghai region and were essentially a result of its proceeding from the regional realities and adjusting its governance strategy.
出处
《思想战线》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第5期25-32,共8页
Thinking
基金
兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金重点项目“河湟多民族文化互动研究”阶段性成果(15LZUJBWZD007)
关键词
清政府
甘青土司
“改土归流”
the Qing Dynasty
the chieftains in the Gansu-Qinghai region
bureaucratization of native officers
