摘要
价格支持政策是粮食政策的重要工具,以最低收购价和临时收储为主要措施的价格支持政策对于我国粮食持续增产和农民增收发挥了重要作用。但这种"价补合一"的价格支持政策也带来粮食供需结构失衡、财政负担沉重、下游加工企业陷入困境等诸多问题。对于我国粮食安全状况和粮价与农民收入关系的传统认识是我国粮食价格支持政策改革陷入困局的症结所在。当前我国农业发展进入新的阶段,农业面临的主要矛盾由总量不足向结构失衡转变,规模经营主体成为重要供给主体。在此背景下,我国粮食安全政策应由以总量安全为核心向结构安全为核心转变,收入保障政策要由单纯关注种粮收益水平向重点关注种粮专业户收入转变,粮食市场调控方式则应由直接入市收购向更加充分发挥市场主体作用转变。为此,应从降低价格支持水平、完善储备体系、探索目标价格保险、提高粮食产业组织化水平等角度深化我国粮食价格政策改革,加快构建粮食安全保障体系和种粮农户收入保障体系。
Price support policy is an important instrument in grain policy. With Minimum Purchase Price System（ MPPS）and Temporary Purchase Policies（ TPP）,China＇s grain support policies have played an essential role in continuous growth in grain production and farmer＇s income. However,such＂price and subsidy unification＂policies have incurred many problems： the imbalance of grain supply and demand structure,heavy financial burden,and dilemma of downstream processing industry,etc.The traditional recognition of China＇s grain safety and the relationship between grain prices and farmers＇ incomes is the problem in China＇s grain price support policy reform which is in a dilemma. Currently,China＇s agricultural development is in the new stage and the main challenge for China＇s agriculture turns to the imbalance of supply and demand structure instead of aggregate inadequacy,and the scale famers become important supplier. Under the background,China＇s grain safety policy should focus on structure safety rather than total supply,and income safeguard policy should pay attention to the scale farmers＇ incomes instead of sheer concern about grain harvest. The grain market regulation should change from direct market acquisition to fully playing a role as market body. Accordingly,China＇s grain price policy reform should be deepened by lowering the level of price support,improving the reserve system,exploring the insurance of target price,improving the organination level of grain industry,etc. to construct the safeguard systems for grain safety and grain farmers＇ income.
出处
《北京工商大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第4期33-39,共7页
JOURNAL OF BEIJING TECHNOLOGY AND BUSINESS UNIVERSITY:SOCIAL SCIENCES
基金
农业部软科学研究课题"农产品流通体系转型研究"(20140401)
关键词
粮食价格
最低收购价
临时收储
粮食安全
粮食结构安全
粮食市场调控方式
粮食储备体系
grain price
minimum purchase price
temporary purchase
food security
structure safety of grain
regulation of grain market
grain reserve system
