摘要
应得是一个古老的道德观念,起码自古希腊以来,它在日常生活和道德生活中就发挥了重要的作用,并且表达了一种源远流长的正义观。什么是应得?我们可以用一种简单的公式"S基于P而应得X"来描述它。这个公式表明,某个人是因其所做过的某种事情而受到某种对待的(表扬或批评、奖励或惩罚、收入和财富等),而受到对待的性质与其行为的性质应该是一致的。但是,如果我们将应得用于分配正义,那么会涉及到应得与制度的关系。无论应得理论家主张应得是前制度的还是制度的,都会遇到一些无法克服的困难,而这些困难则会反过来颠覆他们所倡导的应得理论本身。
Desert is an old moral concept, and it plays an important role in daily and moral life and presents a long standing conception of justice since ancient Greek time. What is desert？ We may use a simple formula to state it, that is ＂S deserves X for P＂. The formula indicates that someone receives some treatment （praise and criticism, reward and punishment, income and rich） for something which he did, and this action deserves the treatment. But, if we use the conception of desert to solve the question of distributive justice, we will face some difficulies which the relation of desert and institutions is in. Whatever theorists of desert stand for--desert is pre-institutional or institutional--they could not overcome those difficulties that will overturn their theory of desert.
出处
《社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第9期110-117,共8页
Journal of Social Sciences
基金
国家社科基金项目"制度正义的理念研究"(项目编号:15BZX022)
国家2011计划司法文明协同创新中心研究成果
关键词
应得
平等
正义
道德
Desert
Equality
Justice
Morality
