摘要
以前期筛选的不同耐低氮性玉米品种正红311和先玉508为试验材料,通过田间裂区试验研究氮肥(0,90,180,270,360,450kg N/hm^2)对不同耐低氮性玉米品种氮素吸收利用及氮素平衡的影响。结果表明:施氮显著提高玉米的氮素积累、氮素转运和氮素表观损失,而收获指数、氮收获指数、氮素干物质生产效率、氮素产谷效率、氮素吸收效率、氮肥利用效率、氮肥生理效率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力等随施氮量增加显著降低。与低氮敏感品种先玉508相比,耐低氮品种正红311氮素积累量、氮素转运量和产量更高,而氮素转运率、转运贡献率、收获指数及氮收获指数更低。正红311叶片较高的物质生产能力有利于其生育后期的氮素吸收和物质生产,使其氮肥吸收效率、氮肥利用效率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力均显著高于先玉508,而氮素表观损失显著低于先玉508。川中丘陵山区土层瘠薄,土壤保肥保水能力差,随施氮量增加玉米氮素表观损失量和损失率均显著增加,耐低氮品种正红311具有较强的氮素吸收能力,能显著提高氮素的吸收利用效率从而有效减少氮素的表观损失。因此,在川中丘陵山区中低氮水平下推广种植耐低氮品种正红311既能充分发挥其产量优势,又能有效的控制氮素的表观损失。
A split plot experiment using the screened maize cultivars Zhenghong311 with low nitrogen toler- ance and Xianyu 508 with low nitrogen sensitivity as materials was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application （N 0, 90, 180, 270, 360 and 450 kg/hm^2）on nitrogen absorption and utilization, and nitrogen balance in the system of maize cultivars with different low nitrogen tolerance. The results showed that nitrogen fertilization significantly increased nitrogen accumulation, translocation and apparent loss of maize, while the harvest index, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, nitrogen grain production efficiency, nitrogen absorption efficiency, nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen physiolo- gy efficiency, nitrogen agronomy efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity declined sharply with the increase of nitrogen application. Compared with the low nitrogen sensitive maize cultivar Xianyu 508, the nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen translocation and yield of low nitrogen tolerance cultivar Zhenghong 311 were higher, while the nitrogen apparent nitrogen redistribution ratio, nitrogen redistribute contribution ratio, harvest index and nitrogen harvest index were lower. The higher dry matter productivity of low nitro- gen tolerance maize cultivar Zhenghong 311 was beneficial to nitrogen absorption and dry matter production, and that made the nitrogen absorption efficiency, nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen agronomy efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity of Zhenghong 311 significantly higher than Xianyu 508, while the nitrogen apparent loss was remarkable lower than Xianyu 508. The soil layer of central Sichuan hilly mountain was barren and the ability of soil to keep fertilizer was poor. With increasing nitrogen application, nitrogen apparent loss and apparent loss efficiency significantly increased. The nitrogen absorption efficiency of low nitrogen tolerance maize cultivar Zhenghong 311 markedly increased by higher nitrogen absorption ability, w
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期171-176,183,共7页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201503127)
国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B13)
四川省科技支撑计划项目(2014NZ0040)
四川省玉米产业技术体系岗位专家项目
关键词
氮肥
玉米品种
氮素吸收
氮素利用
氮素平衡
wnitrogen fertilizer
maize cultivar
nitrogen absorption
nitrogen utilization
nitrogen balance
