摘要
《大学》与《中庸》是儒门心法,《周易》则为儒家的密理。三者之间可以互阐互释、相得益彰。自孟子以后儒门心法失传,汉、宋之儒皆未得之,故不能开后世之教。《周易》所蕴含的'圣人之意'就是教导人们由'德'返'道'即由'后天'返'先天'。《大学》首揭'内圣外王'之道。'止至善'为道之体,'明明德'为道之用。格致诚正是内功,修齐治平则为外行。《中庸》的性情论与《周易》的性情论可以互相印证。《大学》《中庸》有助于人们理解《周易》的'继善成性'说。《周易》亦内蕴《中庸》的'中和'之意。《中庸》的'诚'兼具体用、包举内外。要实现儒家思想的现代化转化,就必须体悟并践行儒家的心法与密理。
The Great Learning and the Doctrine of the Mean are core teachings of Confucianism and the Zhouyi puts forth its esoteric principles. The three can be used to explain and shed light on one another. After Mencius, the core teachings of Confucianism ceased to be passed down, not being understood by either the Han or Song Confucians, who thus could not expound them for the later generations. The 'intention of the sages' encapsulated within the Zhouyi is to teach people to return through virtue to the Way, or from what is 'post-heaven' to what is 'pre-heaven.' The Great Learning first expounded the Way of 'inner sageliness and outer kingliness,' with 'dwelling in the supreme good' as the substance of the Way and 'making bright virtue brilliant' its function. Investigating things, extending one's knowledge, making one's intentions genuine, and balancing one's heart-mind are its inner discipline, and refining one's person, aligning one's household, ordering the state, and setting the world at peace are its outer practices. The Doctrine of the Mean's teaching about nature and feeling and that in the Zhouyi can be used to corroborate one another. The Great Learning and the Doctrine of the Mean both help people to understand the Zhouyi's idea that 'that which allows the Way to continue to operate is goodness, and that which allows it to come to completion is nature.' The Zhouyi also contains the idea of 'centered harmony' found in the Doctrine of the Mean. 'Genuineness' in the Doctrine of the Mean possesses both substance and function and includes both the inner and the outer. In order to bring about the modern transformation of Confucian thought, it is necessary both to comprehend the core teachings and esoteric principles of Confucianism and to put them into practice.
出处
《孔学堂》
2016年第1期57-66,共10页
Confucian Academy
关键词
儒家
心法
密理
Confucianism
core teachings
esoteric principles
