摘要
"不"和"没(有)"是汉语中两个主要的否定词,以往文献把它们视为对焦点敏感的算子,并不区分它们对焦点的敏感度。Herburger(2000)提出通过事件量化(event quantification)分析英语否定词,重新检视非焦点成分对句子所述事件的量化影响,认为事件量化词的量化是受限于其辖域内的非焦点成分,该成分给出的是一个背景事件描述。Beaver和Clark(2003)也认为即使对焦点敏感的算子的释义可能与焦点直接或间接有关,也不能采取一刀切的方法处理。根据Herburger及Beaver和Clark的分析,我们提出"不"和"没(有)"对焦点的敏感程度并不一样:"不"是一个对焦点敏感的否定算子,与焦点直接关联得出"不"字句的基本释义;而由于句法上的限制,"没"必须依附于"有","没"的释义只能是对焦点间接敏感。此外,通过事件量化分析,"没"可以被看作是否定情状存在的量化词,它的释义显示,量化结构中的背景或限定部分可以通过句子去掉焦点部分得出,而焦点在"没"字句中的角色是给出非焦点或背景部分,以对与"没"有关的背景事件进行限制。
Bu (不) and mei(-you) ( 没(有) ), both translated as English "not", are two major negators in Chinese. Previous analyses generally assume bu to be focus-sensitive, with mei(-you) taken to be equivalent in terms of focus-sensitivity. This paper re-examines the focus interpretation of the two Chinese negators, bu and mei (-you), with particular focus on the latter, and argues that although falling under the same category, bu and mei (-you) demonstrate a non-uniformity towards focus. Herburger (2000) proposed an event quantification analysis to account for English negator "not" and negative quantifiers, and argued that the non-focused part of a sentence is to provide a backgrounded event description for quantification. The current analysis of mei (-you) works along the line of Herburger's event quantification analysis.
出处
《当代语言学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第3期368-386,共19页
Contemporary Linguistics
基金
香港政府研究资助局RGC GRF项目CityU #146311和#143113的资助
关键词
否定词
焦点
否定情状存在量化词
事件量化
背景事件描述
negation, focus, negative existential quantifier of situations, eventquantification, backgrounded event description