摘要
目的分析中山市2005-2014年麻疹流行病学特征，评估麻疹疫苗（MeaslesVaccine，MV）强化免疫（SupplementaryImmunizationActivity，SIA）对麻疹流行病学特征的影响，为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法，监测数据进行统计分析。结果MVSIA前、后中山市麻疹年均发病率分别为49．6／10万和4．6／10万，SIA后较SIA前下降了90．7％；SIA前、后病例季节分布无变化，主要集中于4～9月；SIA前、后8月龄-14岁病例各占病例总数的59．8％和35．0％。SIA前、后散居儿童构成比由58．6％上升为65．0％；幼托儿童构成比由12．7％下降为2．5％，差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。无免疫史和免疫史不详的病例占病例总数的76．4％。结论MVSIA能迅速降低麻疹发病率，免疫空白人群是发病的重点人群。建议在做好常规免疫的基础上，每隔3年开展一轮MVSIA，使我市麻疹发病水平维持在一个较低水平，最终达到消除麻疹的目标。
Abstract：Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Zhongshan, to evaluate the effects of supplementary immunization activity of measles vaccine,and to provide a scientific basis for control strategies. Methods Surveillance data of measles in Zhongshan from2005 to 2014 were analyzed with descriptive epidemiology method.Results Incidence rates of measles before and after supplementary immunization of measles vaccine were 49.6/ 100000 and 4.6/100000, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant（~=6510.4, P〈0.01 ）. No changes occurred in the seasonal distributions of measles, most cases occurred from April to September, while the age distribution has shifted,patients ranging from 8 months old to 14 years old accounted for 59.8 % and 35.0 % of the total measles cases. Changes of ratio of the scattered children and kindergarten children showed statistical significance. Cases without immunization history or with unknown immunization history accounted for 76.4 %.Conclusions MV SIA can effectively reduce measles incidence.Most of the cases had no records of measles immunization. Our suggestion is to carry out supplementary immunization for the interval of three years on the basis of routine immunization, so as to keep the incidence of measles at a low level.
出处
《河南预防医学杂志》
2016年第7期496-499,503,共5页
Henan Journal of Preventive Medicine
关键词
麻疹
流行病学特征
强化免疫
Measles
Epidemiological characteristics
Supplementary Immunization activity
