摘要
本文评述前近代华人与东南亚海上贸易组织的相关研究,分5部分展开。第一部分回顾学术史上华人和东南亚海上贸易组织的几部经典研究。第二部分在这种学术脉络下评述新近吉普鲁《亚洲的地中海》一书的优劣得失,揭示其在组织研究以外的意义。基于前述研究存在的问题,第三部分进一步阐明和评估环南海地区研究与基础训练的意义。第四部分列举研究该区值得进一步注意的一些新旧材料。最后一部分展望未来研究可行的若干主题,并以此为基础讨论对时间和空间重新理解的可能。很大程度上,环南海的研究在国际学界是由东南亚史和海洋史的研究牵引的,在华文世界则主要是由华人华侨史和台湾史所引导,这在根本上决定了关注主题的侧重和历史解释方向的差异。在历史解释上,学者既受自身身份影响,一定程度上也受制于殖民主义和民族主义语境。在环南海区域研究中,华人的适应性和在客居社会的嵌入机制、去国家中心历史叙述或以海洋史为中心视角下商贸组织的演化与各口岸网络化的联结、边界的非实体化与流动性等议题均有很大拓展空间。
This article reviews scholarship on overseas Chinese and their informal and formal commercial and political organizations in early modern Southeast Asia. The South China Sea Rim, which is full of complex political entities, not only creates a perfect sphere for the study of decentralized histories but also raises the question of how migrants and sojourners, particularly the largest overseas Chinese groups, managed to become embedded in and reshaped the ecologies （a term that Philip Kuhn uses to describe the disparate experiences of overseas Chinese） of such a range of different host societies. To refine our sense of the extraordinary complexity of the processes of acculturation in the context of local agendas and colonial interference, I divide the discussion into five sections. The first section gives a brief literature review on overseas Chinese and their organizations by highlighting several classic works. In this context, the second section introduces Francois Gipouloux＇s ambitious Braudelian work, The Asian Mediterranean, with an analytical reflection. The third section clarifies the significance of ＂Asian Mediterranean＂ study and emphasizes the crucial necessities of basic training of historical lin- guistics and institutional history. The forth section indicates some by and large long-neglected material sources, and the last section explores three potential big topics and some possible chronological divisions in the future studies. Inquiries into diasporic adaptation and social embedding, and regional history re-examination could bring maritime-centric discussion and regionalized histories into the conversation. These inquiries will provide a cross-regional perspective on a number of key historical themes by understanding the chronology and geography in a different way： namely, decentralized history in terms of multi-centers, the types of adaptation and embedding mechanisms of Chinese diaspora in host societies, and the commercial networks they found.
出处
《南洋问题研究》
CSSCI
2016年第2期77-98,共22页
Southeast Asian Affairs
基金
浙江师范大学环东海与边疆研究院课题"16-19世纪东南海域与社会经济研究"
关键词
华人
东南亚
贸易组织
overseas Chinese, Southeast Asia, commercial organization
