摘要
善与公正的问题是当代西方自由主义—社群主义争论的核心问题,宗教之善与政治公正的适当关系则是这个争论中的一个重要议题。一般说来,自由主义者认为政治公正优先于宗教之善,社群主义者认为宗教之善优先于政治公正。以罗蒂为代表的自由主义者和以泰勒为代表的社群主义者相互运用对方的见解来修正自己的观点,形成了两种比较典型的折中立场。黄勇以宗教多元的社会为背景审视自由主义和社群主义在这个议题上各自的观点,并通过考察以罗蒂为代表的温和自由主义与以泰勒为代表的温和社群主义,透视双方的中间形态对彼此观点的相互借鉴与调和,由此归纳出社群主义的自由主义和自由主义的社群主义。黄勇认为,泰勒的自由主义的社群主义与罗蒂的社群主义的自由主义对于调和自由主义和社群主义都有重要贡献,但是它们仍然没有摆脱自由主义—社群主义之争的基本僵局,宗教多元的社会中宗教的善观念与政治的公正观念间的适当关系问题仍然有待解答,同时他认为问题的答案已经潜藏于他们以及其他一些自由主义者和社群主义者所共有的学说之中,这就是反思平衡观念。在此基础上,黄勇提出了一个由四种不同坐标组成的多重反思平衡模式,来代替自由主义与社群主义在宗教之善与政治公正之间关系上的观点,这是超越自由主义—社群主义僵局的一大进步。不过,黄勇也意识到,这一理论上的推进还不足以在现实中使具有不同宗教世界观的成员共有与这些世界观处于反思平衡中的政治原则。此外,这种多重反思平衡的前提预设和逻辑结论尚有进一步探讨的余地。
The question of the good and the right is central to the contemporary liberal-communitarian debate,and the proper relationship between religious goodness and political rightness is one of the important topics of the debate.Generally speaking,for liberals,political rightness is prior to religious goodness,while for communitarians,religious goodness is prior to political rightness. Liberals like Richard Rorty and communitarians like Charles Taylor have tried to revise their own position by integrating the insights of the other,and proposed the two typical middle ways. Yong Huang explores the question in the context of the religiously plural society,examining the main ideas of liberalism and communitarianism,considering carefully Rorty＇s communitarian revision of liberalism and Taylor＇s liberal revision of communitarianism,and concluding that while Richard Rorty＇s communitarian liberalism and Charles Taylor＇s liberal communitarianism have made great contributions in conciliating liberalism and communitarianism,they are still caught in the fundamental standoff between liberalism and communitarianism. Thus the question concerning the proper relationship between religious ideas of the good and political ideas of the right in a religiously plural society remains to be answered. On the other hand,Yong Huang finds that the answer can be reached by making full of use the idea of reflective equilibrium shared by both of them and many other liberals and communitarians. He suggested the idea of multiple reflective equilibria of religious goodness and political rightness as an alternative to the liberal and communitarian dichotomy between the good and the right. This is a significant progress in theory. Nevertheless,Yong Huang senses that the progress is not a sufficient one toward the proposal for a society whose members agree on political principles which are kept in reflective equilibria with their different religious worldviews in a religiously plural society.Furthermore,some premise and conclusion of the idea of m
出处
《复旦学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第3期118-125,共8页
Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"比较视阈下中国经典诠释传统现代化路径研究"(项目批准号:14AZD092)
山东大学自主创新基金青年团队项目"经典诠释与哲学创新"(项目批准号:IFY1213)的阶段性成果
关键词
多重反思平衡
自由主义
社群主义
宗教之善
政治公正
the idea of multiple reflective equilibria
liberalism
communitarianism
religious goodness
political rightness
