摘要
针对生态移民工程实施以来,农户生计策略发生变化的现实,以我国最大的异地生态移民集中安置区——红寺堡区为例,运用参与式农村评估法与生态足迹法,利用典型村入户调查数据,从农户生计的策略变迁及其生态效应出发,探析农户生计策略对生态环境的作用路径及结果。研究表明:1)红寺堡区移民生计策略类型差异显著,可分为纯农业型、农业主导型、兼业型、非农主导型、非农业型五种类型,移民前后对比发现,移民搬迁促进了农户生计由单一化向多样化、非农化转变;2)随着移民开发进程的不断推进,纯农业型、农业主导型农户比重缩小,非农业主导型、非农业型农户比重增大,移民生计非农化和多样化趋势不断增强;3)移民人均生态足迹由移民前的0.944 hm2/人下降到移民后的0.618 hm2/人,随着非农化水平的提高,农户对耕地、草地、林地资源的依赖性降低,而对水域、化石能源用地、建筑用地的依赖程度不断增加;4)移民的生产和消费行为是农村环境变化的直接驱动力,家庭生产和消费方式向环境友好型转变,有利于生计策略的调控与农户可持续生计的建立。
Since the launch of the ecological migration project, farmers＇ livelihood strategy changed significantly. Based on the survey data from typical households of Hongsipu District in Ningxia Province, the largest ecological relocation region in China, and applying the Participatory Rural Appraisal method and Ecological Footprint model, this paper analyzed the changing trends of rural household livelihood strategy and its ecological effects. Results show that 1） the heterogeneity of the types of livelihood strategy of rural households were obvious in Hongsipu District. The types can be divided into five categories： full-farm, farm-dominated, half-farm, non-farm-dominated and non- farm households. In addition, ecological migration promoted the change of households＇ livelihood strategy; 2） with the continuous development of the migration course, we find that the proportion of households of full-farm and farm- dominant types decreased and the proportion of households of non-farm-dominated and non-farm types increased with a strengthening trend of off-farm and diversification of farmer livelihood; 3） the per capita ecological footprint of ecological migrants decreased from 0.944 hm2 before migration to 0.618 hm2 after migration. With the improvement of non-agricultural level, the dependence on cultivated land, grassland and forest land resources decreased, and the dependence on water, fossil energy land, construction land increased continuously; and 4） the production and consumption behaviors of migrants were the direct motivation of the change of the rural ecological environment and the behaviors of rural household transforming into environmentally friendly livelihood would be advantageous to regulate the livelihood strategy and establish farmers＇ sustainable livelihood.
出处
《农业现代化研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期505-513,共9页
Research of Agricultural Modernization
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41161078)
宁夏大学研究生创新项目(GIP2015002)~~
关键词
生计策略
生态效应
移民农户
农村环境
红寺堡区
livelihood strategy
ecological effect
migrant households
rural environment
Hongsipu District
