摘要
自二战以来,美国联邦政府通过实施一系列的研究生科研资助政策,促进了美国研究生教育的发展及研究生科研能力的提高。考察联邦政府研究生科研资助政策的发展演变,发现其具有以下特点:资助面向美国所有研究生,申请程序追求公平性;就读于研究型大学的研究生与从事基础研究的研究生更容易获得资助,资助适当向女性、少数族裔倾斜;资助力度较大,保证了有学术潜力的研究生能够安心从事学术研究;以六大部门为代表的众多联邦机构联合开展资助,资助来源丰富;直接资助与间接资助两种类型相结合,资助方式多样化。资助效果显著。这些发现为我国建设和完善研究生科研资助政策提供了重要的启示。
Since World War II ,U.S. federal government had implemented a series of financial aid policies on postgraduates＇ scientific research which tremendously promoted development of postgraduate education and cultivated postgraduates＇ research capacity as well. In retrospect of the transition of financial aid policies on postgraduates＇ scientific research, this paper concludes such features as follows; 1.The policies targeted at all postgraduates in the United States and emphasized equity in the application process; 2. Postgraduates in research-based universities or engaged in basic research were more likely to get aided; 3 Women and ethnic minorities enjoyed a preferential slant; 4.The amount of funding relieved students from living burdens and ensured the postgraduates to focus on academic research; 5.The cooperation of six major departments with many federal agencies expand aid fund source to a large extent; 6. The aid approaches are diverse with both direct aid and indirect aid.. With all the remarkable features, the effects of aid get insured. The study provides a significant implications and reference for the construction and improvement of the financial aid policies on postgraduate scientific research in our country.
出处
《教育与经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第2期82-89,共8页
Education & Economy
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"中美研究生学术道德保障体系建设比较研究"(14YJC880002)
湖北省大学生发展与创新教育研究中心资助项目"研究生资助体系问题研究"
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目"中美研究生资助体系比较研究"(2016239038)
关键词
美国联邦政府
研究生
科研资助
政策
U.S. federal government
postgraduate
financial aid for scientific research
policy
