摘要
为阐明昆仑1号及其3个不同时期衍生品种(系)重要农艺性状的演变规律,对重要农艺性状和产量性状进行了研究。结果表明,昆仑1号衍生品种(系)的株高呈增加趋势,子代株高相对于昆仑1号平均株高分别增加8.17%、18.77%和14.74%;子代叶片类型由长而宽逐渐演变为短而窄,旗叶长宽比逐渐增加,叶面积逐渐减少,该类型变化使株型更加紧凑,有助于增加单位面积的植株数,提高光合总产量,促进青稞的增产;穗长、单株有效穗数、穗粒重和小区产量均显著增加;小穗数和穗粒数变化不明显,千粒重小幅度减少。相关性分析表明,穗粒重、千粒重与产量呈显著正相关,单株有效穗数、穗长、株高对产量呈显著负相关,小穗数和穗粒数与产量间的相关性不显著。因此,昆仑1号的穗大、千粒重高等丰产特性在品种演替中得到了很好的传递。建议西藏青稞育种中,应结合农区畜牧业的发展,保持株高、减少穗长、增加有效小穗数、提高结实率,千粒重和穗粒重并重、主攻小穗数和穗粒数是提高青稞产量的有效途径。
Hulless barley is an important cereal crop worldwide,especially in Tibet of China. Here we compared important agronomic traits of the Tibetan hulless barley core parent Kunlun 1 and its derivatives. Relative to Kunlun 1,three derived varieties showed an increase in plant height（ by 8. 17%,18. 77%,and 14. 74% respectively; but reductions in leaf length,leaf width,and flag- leaf size,whose compact leaf shape favors high yielding. Moreover,the derived varieties were significantly greater than Kunlun 1 in spike length,effective spike number per plant,grain quality,and yield of unit area. But there were no notable differences in spike number between Kunlun 1 and its derivatives. Besides,the derived varieties had slightly lower 1000- kernel weight than Kunlun 1. According to the correlation analysis of the derived varieties,their yield was positively correlated with their spike weight and effective spike number of per plant to a significant degree; but negatively correlated with their effective spike number,spike length,and plant height to a significant extent,whereas their yield had no close relationship with their spike number and weight. The derived varieties inherited the high- yielding traits of Kunlun 1 such as bigger spike and higher 1000- kernel weight.
出处
《大麦与谷类科学》
2016年第1期19-23,共5页
Barley and Cereal Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31160283)
