摘要
以关中地区四十年代到九十年代推广种植的主要代表性品种及品系为材料，对其分蘖动态、生育期、株高因素、穗部性状、产量、生物学产量、经济系数及冬春性等２０个性状进行了研究。其结果表明关中地区四十年代到九十年代小麦品种性状演变的趋势是：冬、春季分蘖变化不大，冬季分蘖趋向略增；春季分蘖趋向略减；成穗数趋向降低。拨节、抽穗和开花期有趋早倾向，而成熟期和总生育天数无明显变化。株高降低极明显（１３７．７→８５．２ｃｍ），九十年代比四十年代降低了３８．１％；穗下节间长度呈显著缩短趋势（３９．２→２７．９ｃｍ）。穗长明显增长（７．５→９．３ｃｍ）；每穗小穗数趋向增多（１６．７→１８．３个）；穗粒数增加较为明显（２７．４→３１．２个），九十年代比四十年代增加了１３．９％；千粒重徘徊在３５→４０ｇ之间。产量呈极显著提高趋势（２２４．０→２９８．１ｇ／ｍ￣２），九十年代比四十年代提高了３３．１％；经济系数明显提高１１．８个百分点（２９．３→４１．１％），九十年代比四十年代提高了４０．３％；生物学产量呈下降趋势（１５３０．０→１４６０．１ｇ／ｍ￣２）。播种到生长锥伸长的无数缩短（６０．０→５５．０ｄ）；伸长到二棱末的天数呈极显著缩短（?
Taking as materials the major wheat cultivars mainly planted in Central Shaanxi Plain from 1940s to 1990s,twenty characters as tilling trends,growth duration, plant heightelements,spike characteristics,yields of grain and biomass、economic coefficient and winter spring characteristics,have been studied.The result shows that trends of change of tilleringdevelopments had not obviously;growth duration had early tendence but wasn’t obvious;plant height and nodal beneath spike strikingly decreased(38.1%);spike length,the numberof spikelet and grains per spike increased(grain per spike being 13.9%);weight of 1000grains paces 35 40 gram up and down; yield and economic coefficients evidently improved,33.1%and 40.3%respectively;yield of biomass slightly reduced.
出处
《西北植物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1994年第4期295-302,共8页
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
关键词
小麦
品种
关中地区
性状
演替
wheat cultivar,evolutionary change in characters,central Shaanxi plain
