摘要
目的了解大理市食物中毒发生的规律、特点及原因,并提出有针对性的预防控制措施。方法食物中毒确认依据为GB 14938-1994《食物中毒诊断标准及技术处理总则》;采用描述性流行病学方法对2009-2013年大理市食物中毒事件进行统计、分析。结果 2009-2013年大理市共报告63起食物中毒事件,中毒1 272人,死亡3人,年均发病率41.63/10万,年均病死率0.24%,各年度发病率比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=506.296,P〈0.01）。第三、四季度是发病高峰期;主要发生在农村,场所以农村家庭自办宴席和建筑工地食堂为主;男性病例居多;致病因素以有毒动植物引起的起数最多（占63.49%）,主要为毒蕈中毒;微生物类导致的食物中毒人数最多（占51.42%）。结论以第三、四季度作为防治食物中毒的重点时段;以家庭、集体食堂,特别是农村和建筑工地食堂作为防制重点场所,加强对农村自办宴席和建筑工地食堂的卫生监管,并加强对农民、建筑工人的健康教育,不断改善农民、建筑工人的卫生意识和卫生习惯;发现食物中毒事件及时报告、及时治疗,是控制食物中毒的重要措施。
Objectives Understanding the the rules,characteristics and reasons of food poisoning in Dali,and propose a highly individualized approach to prevent and control. Methods Food poisoning is diagnosed based on GB 14938- 1994 ＂food poisoning diagnostic criteria and technical management General＂. Analysed the reported cases of food poisoning from 2009 to 2013 in Dali with descriptive epidemiological methods. Results There were totally 63 food poisoning events reported from 2009 to2013 in Dali,involved 1 272 cases,and 3 died. The yearly average incidence rate was 41. 63 /100 000,and the yearly case fatality rate was 0. 24%. Compared the incidence rate of each year,the difference was statistical significant（ χ2= 506. 296,P 0. 01）. The peak period of food poisoning were the third and fourth quarters. Food poisoning events mainly happened in rural areas,especially popular parties in rural families and construction site canteens. The majority cases are men. The most pathogenic factors were poisonous animals and plants（ accounted for 63. 49%）,especially the toxic fungus. The most cases were caused by microorganism（ accounted for 51. 42%）. Conclusion The key period of food poisoning prevention are the third and fourth quarters,and the key places are families and collective canteens, especially the canteens in rural areas and construction sites. Health supervision to family dinners in rural areas and construction sites should be strengthened,so is the health education to farmers and construction workers to improve their health awareness and health habits gradually,letting them to report and treat in time when food poisoning happens. Those are all the important measures to control food poisoning.
出处
《医学动物防制》
2016年第4期401-403,共3页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
关键词
食物中毒
流行特征
分析
Food poisoning
Epidemiological characteristics
Analysis
