摘要
针对在运行过程中发生内圈剥离和内圈裂损的2件铁路客车高碳铬轴承钢轴箱轴承,采用化学分析、硬度检测、金相分析、扫描电镜观察以及能谱分析等手段研究轴承失效的原因。结果表明,轴承失效均是由于滚道面浅表层存在大尺寸的脆性非金属夹杂物,在轴承滚动过程中,脆性夹杂物位置在滚动接触应力作用下萌生疲劳裂纹,疲劳裂纹在运用载荷的作用下持续扩展,最终GCr15轴承钢制造的轴承内圈发生裂损,而GCr18Mo材质的轴承内圈因具有较高的断裂韧度而不易发生开裂,仅在滚道面发生剥离。
In view of the two high-carbon chromium bearing steel axle box bearings in the passenger train with spalled and cracked bearing inner races occurring during operation,the article adopt chemical analysis,hardness measurement,metallographic analysis,observation via scanning electron microscope,energy spectroscopy and other means to work out the causes of the bearing failures. According to the analysis results,the bearing failures are caused by the large-size brittle non-metallic inclusions that exist in the near-surface layer of the bearing raceway. In the rolling process of the bearing, a fatigue crack is generated at the position of the brittle inclusions based on the rolling contact stress. The fatigue crack continuously extends with a load. The bearing inner race made of GCr15 bearing steel thus finally cracks. In the meantime, the bearing inner race made of GCr18 Mo bearing steel only spalls in the bearing raceway due to its higher fracture toughness,which does not break easily.
出处
《铁道技术监督》
2016年第3期20-24,共5页
Railway Quality Control
关键词
轴承
剥离
裂损
非金属夹杂物
Bearing
Spalling
Fracture
Non-metallic Inclusions
