摘要
缅甸历史上曾经施行严苛的宗教管理制度,压制了宗教族际对抗。脱离殖民统治、获得政治独立后,缅甸国内宗教族裔群体间的紧张局势并未得到缓解,敌对情绪反而因政治氛围日渐宽松而上升。缅甸的宗教传统为境内族际宗教冲突提供了合法性。缅甸一些政治精英刻意引导民众将当前社会发展的矛盾迁怒于特定宗教族裔,煽动宗教仇恨。部分神职人员则默许信众宣泄宗教暴力。缅甸宗教少数族裔由于缺少社会资本,难以改变自身境遇。随着近年来缅甸国内政治日趋稳定和国际地位正常化,缅甸上座部佛教在宗教冲突中的角色成为外部世界关注的新焦点,宗教冲突本身也因此有望得到国际社会透明和有效的调解。缅甸族际宗教冲突为文明冲突论提供了经验支持。
The traditional philosophy of Buddhism is pacifism and forgiveness, while Buddhism is not immune to violence in essence. It legitimizes the violence of Theravada Buddhist monks and believers in Myanmar towards do- mestic religious minority groups. Religious conflict used to be suppressed by Myanmar＇s political institution. Politi- cal reform, however, has stimulated Myanmar＇s religious conflict. It is very likely that political activists intentional- ly has taken advantage of religious hostility to misguide political development in this country. As a result, Myanmar＇s religious minorities are reduced to victims of religious bias. Their negative responses to the political in- stitution have created great challenges for the Myanmar government. This conflict leads empirical support to the the- sis of ＂the clash of civilizations＂.
出处
《东南亚研究》
CSSCI
2016年第1期11-22,共12页
Southeast Asian Studies
基金
上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题"极端主义对国际政治安全认知的重塑"(2015BGJ001)
华东政法大学政治学研究院"华与罗世界文明与比较政治研究项目"
关键词
文明冲突论
缅甸
族际宗教冲突
宗教民族主义
治理困境
Clash of Civilization Theory
Myanmar （Burma）
Ethnic and Religious Tension
Ethno-Religious Na-tionalism
Governance Dilemma
