摘要
跨太平洋伙伴关系协定(TPP)的实质是从自由贸易协定走向自由经济协定。2013年中国对TPP的态度发生了根本性转变,认为TPP是走向亚太一体化的可能路径之一,但转变前关于TPP的阴谋论等以及转变后的立入论,均不客观、不现实。虽然目前TPP达成基本协议且中国持开放态度,但中国距TPP有很大距离。除在货物贸易自由化水平、服务贸易市场准入和投资规则的巨大开放水平差异外,标准与认证、环境保护、知识产权、劳工标准、政府采购等边界后问题对中国的现实管理体制和机制构成了严峻挑战。短期内中国不具备加入TPP谈判的客观条件。中长期如没有获得应有的尊重和规则制定权,中国也不应加入TPP,而应通过寻求区域全面经济伙伴关系(RCEP)轨道与TPP轨道融合方式,走向亚太自贸区,并寻求合适时机进行改革与调整,有条件地寻求21世纪经贸规则话语权。加速新一轮改革开放,推进RCEP谈判和一带一路建设,发挥大小自贸区网络叠加效应可助中国平衡TPP的负面影响。
The nature of the TPP is a transition of trade liberalization agreement to economicliberalization agreement. China's attitude toward the TPP fundamentally changed in 2013 as it started to take it as a possible way to achieve Asia-Pacific integration. The'conspiracytheory'and other misjudgments before China changed its attitude and the argument thatChina should instantly join the TPP are all not rational. Although the concerned partieshave reached basic consensus on the TPP and China is open to it, it may still take a longtime for China to join it. China has a big gap with the requirements of the TPP in terms ofliberalization of trade of goods, market entry of trade of services and investment rules.Moreover, the TPP requirements in standards and certifications, environmental protection,intellectual property rights, labor standards, and government procurement all pose a greatchallenge to China's current management systems. In the short term, China is not wellprepared to join the TPP. In the middle and long term, if it cannot have the due respect andrule-making rights from the TPP, it should not join it; instead, it should seek to establishthe Asia-Pacific free trade area through the integration of RCEP and TPP; it should alsomake use of appropriate opportunities to conduct reform and seek power in making ofinternational trade rules in the 21 st century. China can accelerate the new round of reformand opening-up, push forward the RCEP negotiation and implementation of the Belt andRoad Initiative, and bring out the combined role of existing free trade areas to offset thenegative impact of the TPP.
出处
《国际经济评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第2期71-86,5-6,共16页
International Economic Review
