摘要
继人类基因组计划取得成功之后,人类脑研究成为下一个重大挑战目标。人类脑计划由瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院科学家蓝脑计划的发起者马克拉姆发起,包括神经科学和信息科学这两大热点相互结合的研究。其目标是建立一个能够为世界各国科学团体使用作为科研合作工具的信息交流平台,该平台将会整合所有有关脑的结构和功能的知识和数据在超级计算机上模拟大脑,让人们能够更加全面了解健康和疾病大脑以及脑部各种活动,期间也希望通过各学科的相互作用能够为神经科学、医药学和科学计算带来新的发展。该平台包含以下6个领域:神经信息学、大脑仿真、高性能计算、医学信息学、神经计算、神经机器人。继欧盟脑计划提出之后,各个国家相继提出相关脑计划,其最终目标是认识脑、研究脑、开发脑和保护脑。目前脑计划的研究内容包括神经元(突触,受体,离子通道)、脑解剖图谱、脑功能成像、神经网络模型等,还包括在实验数据基础上发展起来的的神经信息的理论模型和仿真计算,但各个国家的研究方向和研究进展各有不同。本文将综述主要脑研究国家的研究进展,并着重阐述中国脑计划的近况。
Following the triumph of human genome project, human brain research has become the next major challenge around the world. Human brain project is initiated by Henry Markxam, the initiator of blue brain project, a scientist at the federal polytechnic school in Lausanne, Switzerland. Human brain project contains two hot fields, neuroscience and information science. Human brain project aims to develop an information and communication platform for the scientific research collaboration among scientific communities worldwide. The platform integrates all the data and knowledge of the brain structure and functions to simulate the human brain on supercomputers, which will let people have a more comprehensive understanding on healthy brain, sick brain, and all kinds of brain activities. The interaction between disciplines is also expected to develop neuroscience, medicine, and computing. The platform contains six fields, neuroinformatics, brain simulation, high-performance computing, medical informatics, neuromorphic computing, and neural robot. After the human brain project proposed by European Union, many countries have initiated related brain projects. The ultimate goals of human brain project are to research, understand, exploit and protect the human brain. Nowadays the research contents of human brain project include neurons （synapses, receptors, and ion channels）, brain anatomy atlas, brain functional imaging, neural network model, and the theoretical model and simulation calculation of neural information developing on the basis of the experimental data. But different countries have different research directions and developments. The research progressions of different countries studying on human brain project, especially the development of human brain project in China, are summarized in this paper.
出处
《中国医学物理学杂志》
CSCD
2016年第2期109-112,共4页
Chinese Journal of Medical Physics
基金
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20134433110012)
中国博士后科学基金(2015M572337)
关键词
人类脑计划
脑科学
人工智能
人脑连接计划
human brain project
brain sciences
artificial intelligence
human connection project
