摘要
中国应对气候变化政策和市场大体经历了两个阶段,一是1992年至2008年的探索、准备和基本建制阶段,这个阶段的政策主要以"无悔减排"的节能目标为主,伴随着"巴厘路线图"进程开启和国内工作的起步,新的工作体制得以建立,此时的市场机制主要是项目层、收益性的、单向的国际交易;二是2009年至2015年的过渡、培育和战略决策阶段,这个阶段的政策正式过渡到以碳强度、能源强度并重的结构减排目标为主的体系,伴随着"德班平台"进程开启和国内试点的需要,国家中长期低碳发展的宏观战略部署得以开展,决策支撑体系更为完善,碳强度、非化石能源占比、碳汇、峰值时间等多重新目标正式提出,此时的市场机制主要是探索性的、自下而上的、基于配额的地方试点创新。随着2015年《巴黎协定》的达成和碳排放峰值目标的实施进入日程,中国当前正步入应对气候变化政策实施和市场建设的第三阶段,宏观政策施力点将逐步过渡到总量控制,化石能源消费将出现拐点、低碳能源投资将超过传统能源,全国碳市场正式启动,以增长转型、能源转型、消费转型为主的低碳革命进入提速增效阶段。
China＇s climate change policy and market has undergone two stages. The first one is the exploration period for organizational preparation from 1992 to 2008, the policy primarily aimed at ＂regrefless reduction＂ by energy saving and efficiency, and a new and independent department and work system has been established then accompanied by the global process of ＂Bali Roadmap＂ and domestic initiative, while the market mechanism were actually one way （from China to EU-ETS） and project level. The second is the transition period for strategic decision-making from 2009 to 2015, the policy target shifted to carbon and energy intensity of GDP as efficiency and structure adjustment. The nationwide medium and long term low carbon strategy will substantial decision consultation have been introduced along with the global process of＂Durban Platform＂ and domestic pilots, and the new goals including emission peaking time frame, share of non-fossil fuels and carbon sinks are formally proposed, and this time the market mechanism is leaded by exploratory local pilots and bottom-up innovations. As the Paris Agreement have been adopted in COP21 and emission peaks go into the implementation schedule, China is stepping into the third stage of the climate policy and market, and the key points of the regulations will gradually transit to cap control. The consumption of fossil fuels will appear inflection point, and the new investment in low carbon energy will exceed the traditional ones. The national emission trade system will be officially launched in 2017, and the low carbon transformation in growth pattern, energy system and consumption behaviors are expected to be accelerated with big ambitions.
出处
《中国能源》
2016年第1期5-11,21,共8页
Energy of China
基金
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"气候变化谈判关键议题的支撑技术研究"(编号:2012BAC20B04)
关键词
低碳发展
排放峰值
气候谈判
碳市场
Low Carbon Development
CO2 Emission Peak
Climate Negotiation
Carbon Market
