摘要
为解决高寒地区饲草料短缺和无法种植常规饲草的矛盾,该文设计试制了一套简易植物工厂。在10 m2的彩钢房内设计安装了8组不锈钢牧草生产架,通过半自动化控制集装箱式牧草生产车间内植物生产所需的温度、湿度、光照、营养液循环等环境条件,实现了在高寒地区连续、快速、高效、节水环保地生产牧草的目的。生产试验结果表明,设施设备能够满足高寒地区牧草工厂化生产的需要,玉米生产的最佳播种量为450 g/盘,经过9 d生产周期后可收获1 891.5 g新鲜玉米饲草,按此产能每年收获36茬牧草计算,在此集装箱式车间内每年可生产优质新鲜牧草16.33 t。
Forage grass is an important material basis and security guarantee for the development of livestock industry.Forage grass with high quality not only provides adequate nutrition for livestock, but also has important impact on the quality of livestock products. Alpine areas are not suitable for planting corn, alfalfa, and other conventional forage grass because of the insufficient accumulated temperature and transient frost-free season. However, the forage grass requirement of herbivorous livestock is large, for example, one sheep requires 657 kg hay per year, and it is very inelastic. In this case,shortage of forage grass has become a key limiting factor of herbivorous animal husbandry development and grassland ecological construction due to the dual pressures of the natural grassland degradation and the grazing blocked by fencing in alpine region. Plant factory is a new agricultural model which can achieve the purpose of efficient crop production by highprecision environmental control in facility. Though research and practice of plant factory in China have achieved the gratifying results in recent years, applying this technology to the forage grass production is still blank. For the energy-saving production of fresh forage grass in poor environment such as the alpine region, a container-type plant factory was designed and tested. To maximize space usage of the production departments, a six-level hydroponic cultivation system（1.5 m×0.55 m×2.3 m）（length×width×height） was installed. Semi-automatic control of artificial lighting lamps, automatic water circulation,and automatic heating facilities were used to optimize temperature, humidity, light, nutrient solution, and other environmental factors on forage grass production. In a plant factory, the optimal control for obtaining higher yield and better quality of plants was essential. Optimal regulators with temperature sensing probe and humidity sensing probe were used to control the water status and growth temperature of forage grass, and the nutrient sol
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第1期62-67,共6页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
甘肃省2014年秸秆饲料化利用项目(2130106)
关键词
环境调控
温度
加热
牧草
植物工厂
玉米
高寒地区
environmental regulations
temperature
heating
forage grass
plant factory
corn
alpine region
