摘要
双轨制侦查和单轨制侦查是侦查模式的基本分类,一般认为单轨制侦查是只有国家机关才拥有侦查权的形式,双轨制侦查则是国家机关和特定的个人都拥有侦查取证权利的模式。将侦查和调查涵括为调查取证活动,从实施主体、可采取措施范围、条件、限制等方面进行比对分析,认为单轨制侦查和双轨制侦查实际上都是"双轨",只是不同国家侦查体系下两轨的宽窄不同。进一步比较分析,两种侦查体系下,国家机关所拥有的调查取证权范围相差不大,在更注重人权保障的国家,对国家机关的该权利限制较多,强制性侦查行为的实施多需中立的第三人审批。而两种制度下特定的私人主体都拥有基础的调查取证权,主要区别在于主体的范围、可以采取的措施以及实施措施的条件、限制等。在双轨制侦查国家拥有调查取证权利的私人主体更广,权利范围更大,条件和限制更少。
Double-track and single-track system is a kind of basic detection pattern classification. Single-track system detection pattern is only the form of the investigation power owed by a state organ,double-track system detection pattern is the model that state organs and specific individuals have right of investigation.This article covers the power and right of investigation for investigation activities. Then analysis on the subject,the measures,conditions and restrictions and so on,turning out that both of the two patterns actually are 'double-track 'system,excepting the different width. Further,the power of state organs is almost the same under the two systems. In countries paying more attention to the guarantee of human rights,the power of state organs has more limits and the compulsory criminal investigation needs a neutral third party for approval.The main differences of the right of private subject lie in the main subjects,the measures,the conditions and restrictions,etc.In the countries with double-track system detection pattern,the private subject's right of investigation has less conditions and restrictions and more measures can be taken.Based on that,I try to put forward some opinions for perfecting China's system of investigation.
出处
《北华大学学报（社会科学版）》
2017年第2期64-71,共8页
Journal of Beihua University(Social Sciences)
关键词
侦查单轨制
侦查双轨制
调查取证
Single-track system detection pattern
Double-track system detection pattern
Investigation and evi dence collection
