摘要
目的探索心理压力对不同社会分层群体健康不平等的作用机制。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,共抽取1 260户住户,对所有>15岁的居民进行问卷调查。按照职业、收入和教育程度,将社会分层分为5层。采用描述性统计分析和多元线性回归的方法进行统计分析。结果本研究共获取有效样本3 241人,其中,男性1 549人(47.79%),女性1 692人(52.21%)。社会分层从上层、中上层、中层、中下层和下层的比例分别为13.30%、26.04%、25.98%、23.70%和10.98%。通过构建多元回归模型显示社会分层和健康危险性压力是影响健康水平的重要因素(P<0.01),其中社会分层主要作用于生理健康水平;社会分层等级越高的人发生健康危险性压力的概率越低。社会分层处于上层、中上层和中层的人其健康危险性压力的发生率分别为下层人群的0.512倍、0.527倍和0.669倍。结论心理压力是社会分层影响人们健康水平的重要通道之一,其机制可以解释为收入和地位的差异会通过社会攀比等方式给人以压力并损害健康。
Objective To explore the effect of psychological pressure on health inequality among different social stratification groups. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select a total of 1 260 households, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among all residents over the age of 15. Subjects were divided into 5 social stratification groups based on their occupation, income and education. Descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used for data statistical analysis. Results A total of 3241 valid subjects were obtained, with 47.79% males and 52.21% females, and the percentage of subjects in each social classes were 13. 30%, 26.04%, 25.98%, 23.70% and 10.98% from high to low. Multiple re- gression model showed that social stratification and health risk stress were major influencing factors for health （P〈0.01）, and social stratification mainly influenced the level of physical health. Individuals with higher so- cial stratification level usually had lower probability of health risk stress, and the incidences of health risk stress of subjects in the upper, upper-middle and middle classes of social stratification was 0. 512, 0. 527 and 0. 669 times of those in lower level （P〈0.01）. Conclusions Psychological pressure is one of the important pathways by which social stratification influences human health, and the mechanism of pressure can be ex- plained by social comparison due to the difference of income and social status.
出处
《中国预防医学杂志》
CAS
2015年第12期917-920,共4页
Chinese Preventive Medicine
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(10YJC840007)
关键词
社会分层
心理压力
健康不平等
Social stratification
Psychological pressure
Health inequality
