摘要
西方的个体化理论是晚期资本主义非常重要的理论贡献,它基于西方在当代的变迁经验而提出,对西方的"国家—社会—个体"的关系做了极其重要的描绘。上世纪末,中国的人类学界开始从"个体化"的视角进行田野研究并注意到中国社会正在发生一个"个体"崛起的进程。然而,中国社会的变迁是复杂的,它并不只是朝着一个方向在变,既存在着前现代向现代的演化,也存在着现代向传统的回归或者"再造",在当下中国,并不缺乏从小单位向规模更大的社会团体回归的情况。西方的个体化理论无法解释当下中国正在发生的宗族社会重建与祭祀活动等现象;在中国乡村,个体与宗族的理念实际上是并存的,中国的个人还未像西方社会那样,从价值层面上被切离开。因此,用"阶序结构"的方式而不是完全的个体化理论来理解中国的宗族与个体关系,更具有解释力。
Contributing to the theoretical establishment of late capitalism,the western theory of individualization is based on the western social changes,offering us an important description of how nations,societies and individuals related to each other in the west.Since the end of the 20 th century,Chinese anthropology has viewed the transformation of rural villages and whole society in the perspective of'individualization',putting forward the point that the individual is emerging as an independent social unit in China.However,the social change in China is very complex,moving to different directions,with some to the modern and others to the traditional in their rebuilding or 'reforming'.It has never been rare that smaller social units are reintegrated into bigger groups.And the western theory of individualization fails to explain such social phenomena in China as rebuilding social organization of lineage and worshipping ceremony.In rural areas today in China,the concepts like individuals and lineages never cease to exist in reality.An individual has never been made quite an independent concept as is done in the west.Therefore,the relation between individuals and lineages may better be explained with Louis Dumont's hierarchical structure.
出处
《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第6期58-67,155,共10页
Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(12CSH074)
