摘要
采用常规石蜡制片法和NaOCl法,对川西高原地区4种苹果属植物叶片的解剖结构特征进行了观察,并选取叶片厚度、上下表皮角质层厚度、上下表皮细胞厚度、栅栏组织厚度等14项抗旱性相关指标进行测定,运用方差分析、主成分分析和隶属函数法对4种苹果属植物的抗旱性进行了分析与综合评价。结果显示：（1）4种苹果属植物叶片上下表皮外均附有角质层,表皮细胞排列紧密,上表皮细胞明显大于下表皮细胞,其中变叶海棠的角质层厚度和表皮细胞厚度均较大;气孔均只分布在下表皮,其中花叶海棠的气孔密度最大,花叶海棠和湖北海棠的气孔长、宽最小;栅栏组织由2～3层排列紧密的栅栏细胞组成,海绵组织细胞排列疏松,细胞间隙大,其中山荆子的栅栏组织厚度、栅海比和叶片结构紧密度最大;主脉均为外韧维管束,其中湖北海棠维管束厚度最大,且皮层中有时出现含晶细胞。（2）所选14项指标中除下表皮角质层厚度外,其余13项指标在4个树种间差异显著,经主成分分析筛选出上表皮角质层厚度、下表皮细胞厚度、栅栏组织厚度等8项指标作为4种苹果属植物抗旱性综合评价的代表性指标。（3）隶属函数法分析结果表明,4种苹果属植物抗旱能力大小顺序为：变叶海棠〉山荆子〉花叶海棠〉湖北海棠。
The selected leaf anatomical structures in terms of xeromorphic indices of the four species of Ma- [us plants in western Sichuan plateau including thickness of leaves,cuticle thickness of upper and lower epi- dermis, thickness of upper and lower epidermis, thickness of palisade tissue and so on were observed and measured with paraffin sectioning method and NaOC1 method, and the drought resistance of those plants were analyzed and evaluated by the methods of ANVOA, principal component analysis and membership function. The results were showed as follows： （1）the epidermal cell arrangements in four species of Malus plants were closeness and the sizes of upper epidermis were bigger than that of lower epidermis, with cuti- cle in surfaces of leaves. The thickest of epidermis and cuticule layer was observed on leaves of Malus tor- ingoides. Meanwhile, the stoma only existed on lower epidermis and the densest stoma was found on leaves of Malus transitoria ,which had the shortest stoma length and width as well as Malus hupehensis. In addi-tion,the palisade tissues in four species leaves were composed of 2 to 3 layers palisade cells,and spongy pa- renehyma cell arrangements were slacking with high intercellular space. The biggest thickness of palisade tissue,palisade tissue and sponge tissue ratio and leaf structure were observed in leaves of Malus baccata. Furthermore,main veins were consisted of collateral vascular bundle and the biggest thickness of vascular bundle existed in leaves of Malus hupehensis. Crystal ceils were found occasionally in its cortex. （2）Except for the cuticle thickness of lower epidermis, the other xeromorphic indices were significantly different a- mong four plants,and eight indices including cuticle thickness of upper epidermis, thickness of lower epi- dermis, thickness of palisade tissue and so on were selected as typical items for evaluation of drought resist- ance of four species. （3）The order of drought resistance capability of four species of MIalus plants was pres- ented as fo
出处
《西北植物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第11期2227-2234,共8页
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
基金
国家科技支撑计划(2011BAC09B05)
关键词
苹果属植物
叶片解剖结构
抗旱性评价
Malus plants
leaf anatomical structures
drought resistance evaluation
