摘要
目的通过铁路客运专线高速动车组主流车型车内环境品质测试和旅客乘车感受评估,提出建立我国高速动车组车内环境标准基本依据。方法于2013年选择京沪、武广客运专线5种车型13个车次列车,在冬、夏季高峰客流时段测试车厢内微小气候、空气品质、噪声、振动、照明等指标,并对6 210名旅客乘车感受进行调查。结果冬季车厢内温度为14.2～26.1℃,相对湿度为10.0%～62.6%,旅客感觉温度偏高的占15.0%,空气干燥的占18.6%;夏季车厢内温度为22.6～32.2℃,旅客感觉温度偏低的占16.0%。13个车次列车车厢内CO2浓度均值为0.08%～0.24%,总挥发性有机物（TVOC）为0.32～3.25 mg/m3,甲醛为0.007～0.047 mg/m3,NH3为0.002～0.26 mg/m3,PM10为0.01～0.31 mg/m3,细菌总数为18～2 986CFU/m3,负离子浓度为70～650 N/cm3。车厢内主要污染物为CO2和TVOC,夏季超标率分别为74.6%和74.4%,冬季超标率分别为62.0%和55.9%。旅客感觉车厢内空气不清新的占36.0%,有异臭味的占39.5%。13个车次列车车厢内噪声均值为62.8～73.1 d B（A）,旅客感觉吵的占54.8%。13个车次列车车厢内坐位振动加速度矢量和（av Tv）均值为0.10～0.59 m/s2,旅客感觉很大振动的占8.9%。不同座席车厢内照度均值为257.63～325.71 lx。结论建议冬季车厢内适宜温度：北方线路22～24℃,南方线路19～22℃;夏季：北方线路25～27℃,南方线路26～28℃;适宜湿度为35%～65%。空气品质应重点控制CO2和TVOC污染,加强新风量供应,车厢内CO2≤0.15%、TVOC≤0.8 mg/m3、CO≤5 mg/m3,甲醛、NH3、PM10、细菌总数可以执行GB/T 18883—2002《室内空气质量标准》。噪声以一等车≤68 d B（A）,二等车、餐车≤70 d B（A）为宜。车厢内振动标准建议awx和awy≤0.38 m/s2、awz≤0.50 m/s2、av Tv≤0.9 m/s2,车厢内照明标准可提高至150～200 lx。
Objective To provide scientific data for developing the interior environment standards for China high speed EMU based on the environmental quality test and the evaluation of passengers ride feeling for the main vehicle types of high speed EMU on passenger dedicated lines. Methods Thirteen train numbers in operation were selected from five vehicle types of the Beijing-Shanghai and Wuhan-Guangzhou passenger dedicated lines, such indexes as the interior microclimate, air quality,noise, vibration and illumination were tested in high speed EMU. Meanwhile, a questionnaire survey on ride feeling was conducted among 6 210 passengers. Results The interior temperature was 14.2-26.1 ℃ and relative humidity 10.0%-62.6%,the passengers that complained temperature higher accounted for 15.0% and air-drying for 18.6% in winter. In summer the interior temperature was 22.6-32.2 ℃, the passengers that complained temperature lower accounted for 16.0%. The pollutant concentrations in vehicle showed as follows： CO20.08%-0.24%,TVOC 0.32-3.25 mg/m3, HCHO 0.007-0.047 mg/m3, NH30.002-0.26 mg/m3, PM10 0.01-0.31 mg/m3, total bacterial count 18-2986 CFU/m3,negative ion 70-650 N/cm3. The main pollution indexes were CO2 and TVOC. The passengers feeling the air not fresh accounted for 36.0%, odor for 39.5%. Noise pollution was obvious with mean range of 62.8-73.1 d B（A） in vehicle. The passengers complaining noise accounted for 54.8%.The mean range of vibration in vehicle was 0.10-0.59 m/s2, the passengers complaining serious vibration accounted for 8.9%.The interior illumination was 257.63-325.71 lx. Conclusion The interior appropriate temperature for high speed EMU should be 22-24 ℃ in North China and 19-22 ℃ in South China, while in summer, it should be 25-27 ℃ in North China and 26-28 ℃in South China. The appropriate humidity should be 35%-65%. The air quality should focus on control of CO2 and TVOC pollution and strengthen the supply of fresh air. The limit standard proposed in vehicle is CO2≤0.15%, TVOC≤0.8 mg/m3,CO �
出处
《环境与健康杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2015年第8期724-730,共7页
Journal of Environment and Health
基金
原铁道部科技研究开发计划项目(2012Z003-B)
关键词
高速动车组
空气品质
环境品质
控制标准
High speed EMU
Air quality
Environment quality
Control standard
