摘要
目的：通过流行病学调查,了解泰兴地区0-14岁儿童哮喘发病与治疗现状,并对哮喘的危险性因素进行统计分析,为合理防治哮喘提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,按照各年龄段人口比例对泰兴地区4976名1-14岁儿童进行问卷调查,共筛查确诊157名哮喘患儿作为病例组。同时,选取无统计学差异的157名健康儿童作为对照组。采取单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析方法,探讨哮喘的危险性因素。结果泰兴地区0-14岁儿童哮喘患病率为3．16%,男、女患病率比为1．9：1．0；哮喘患儿中,0-3岁和7-9岁年龄段儿童患病率最高,均为3．9%；首次发病集中在婴幼儿期（61．8%）和学龄初期（27．3%）,在换季时容易发作（39．7%）,大多患者易发时辰没有规律,发作诱因最常见的为呼吸道感染。哮喘的治疗药物主要是支气管舒张剂和抗生素,而吸入激素疗法的普及率较低。对病例组和对照组的单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,个人过敏（P〈0．01）、家族过敏（P〈0．01）、亲属哮喘（P〈0．01）、早产（P〈0．05）是儿童哮喘发生的独立危险因素,母乳喂养是保护性因素（ P 〈0．05）。结论泰兴地区0-14岁儿童哮喘患病率为3．16%,比2000年全国调查水平高。哮喘的危险性因素包括过敏史、哮喘史以及早产与否。根据调查结果,可积极而又针对性的对本地区哮喘病进行防治。
Objective To know the current situation of asthma in children aged 0-14 years old in Taixing area through epidemiological investigation, and to explore the risk factors in order to provide epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma. Methods A cluster random sampling survey was conducted on 4976 children aged from 0 to 14 years old with asthma or without in Tainxing. 271 children were diagnosed as asthma and these children were regarded as the case group, while another 271 non-asthmatic children were taken as the control group. Case-control study and Logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the association of asthma and risk factors. Results The incidence of childhood asthma was 3. 16% . The ratio of male to female was 1. 9：1. 0, and those aged from 0 to 3 years old and 7 to 9 years old had the highest prevalence rate with 3. 9% respectively. 61. 8% patients had their first asthma attack before the age of 3 years, 27. 3% at the age of 7-9. 39. 7% of them suffered from asthma during periods of seasonal change, while 47. 6% had attacks with no obvious regularity of time. The asthma was induced by respiratory tract infection most easily. Logistic regression analysis showed that the individual allergic history, familial allergic history, family asthmatic history and premature birth were the independent risk factors for asthma in children, while breast feeding was a protective factor. Conclusion The total prevalence of asthma in children aged from 0 to 14 in Taixing is 3. 16%, which is higher than the national level in 2000. The independent risk factors include allergic history, asthmatic history and premature birth. The asthma could be prevented and treated effectively according to the investigated data.
出处
《临床肺科杂志》
2015年第12期2249-2252,共4页
Journal of Clinical Pulmonary Medicine
关键词
哮喘
0-14岁儿童
流行病调查
危险因素
asthma
child aged from 0 to 14 years old
epidemiological investigation
risk factor
