摘要
针对新疆阿克苏地区干旱少雨、灌水利用不合理等问题,通过开展滴灌灌水方式下的大田试验,研究不同灌水定额对核桃树叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index,LAI)、截获辐射能、产量的影响,为核桃树高效施水、优质高产提供理论依据。以7a生核桃树为研究对象,在滴灌条件下设置3组灌水定额:C1(150m3/hm2)、C2(300m3/hm2)和C3(450m3/hm2),使用HemiView冠层分析仪器测定核桃树LAI及截获辐射能,并建立灌水定额、LAI、截获辐射能与核桃干重产量的数学模型。不同灌水定额处理下的核桃树LAI变化趋势基本相同,大致呈现先增后减趋势。在试验阶段,各处理间的LAI大小排序均为C2>C3>C1。不同灌水定额对截获辐射能产生显著性影响,其中尤以对C2的影响最大,对C1的影响最小。截获辐射能随核桃生育期的进行呈先增后减,各处理于7月下旬先后达到最大,其中,C2处理下的截获辐射能为处理间最大值。核桃树LAI与截获辐射能在0.01水平呈极显著正相关。在3组灌水定额处理下,随着灌水量的不断增加,LAI、核桃干重产量先增大后减小,在300m3/hm2的灌水定额处理下LAI取得最大值。在影响核桃干重产量的3因素(灌水定额、LAI、截获辐射能)中,LAI对核桃产量的影响最大。综合考虑影响核桃树果实产量的3因素,结合产量数学模型,以产量最大化为目标,得到的最佳控制因素组合为灌水定额331.892m3/hm2,LAI2.279m2/m2,截获辐射能4 266.591mol/(m2·yr),此时最大核桃干重产量为2 978.445kg/hm2。
In view of the problems of less rain and irrational use of irrigation water at Aksu Prefecture of Xinjiang,the test was conducted to analyze the influence of leaf area index and radiant energy interception with different irrigation quota on the yield.Through the field test under drip irrigation,the theoretical basis for efficient application of water,high quality and high yield of walnut trees was confirmed.Taking seven-year-old walnut trees as the research object,three levels of irrigation quota were set,which were C1（150m3/hm2）,C2（300m3/hm2）and C3（450m3/hm2）.Leaf area index and radiant energy interception were analyzed by HemiView canopy image analysis system.The mathematical model between irrigation quota,LAI,radiant energy interception and dry weight production of walnut was established.The trend of LAI under different irrigation quota was almost same.The leaf area index increased at first,and then decreased.The order of LAIthrough the test period was C2〉C3〉C1.There was significant differences between irrigation quota and radiant energy interception,particularly the greatest impact on C2 and the least impact on C1.During the growth stage of walnut,radiant energy interception was first increased and then decreased.All the treatments reached the maximum,and the value of C2 was the peak value among the treatments.LAI was positively and significantly correlated with radiant energy interception at the level of 0.01.With the increase of irrigation quota,LAIand yield increased at first,and then decreased under the three treatments.LAIgot the maximum at 300m3/hm2.Among irrigation quota,LAIand radiant energy interception,LAI had the greatest effect on the yield of walnut trees.Considering the impact of three factors and combining the mathematical model and maximum of the yield of walnut trees,the optimum combination of control factors was as follows：irrigation was 331.892m3/hm2,leaf area index was 2.279m2/m2,and radiant energy interception was 4 266.591mol/（m2·a）,and at this moment,the maximum d
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2015年第10期46-49,共4页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项(201130103-1)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2011Bad29B05)
新疆水利科技项目(2013G03)
新疆水利水电工程重点学科基金资助项目(XJZDXK-2002-10-05)
关键词
灌水定额
核桃树
LAI
截获辐射能
产量
滴灌
irrigation quota
walnut trees
LAI
radiant energy interception
yield
drip irrigation
