摘要
通过连续4年（2009--2012）的田间定位试验，研究了配施不同比例有机肥对茶园土壤性状及茶叶产、质量的影响，筛选了适宜茶园的施肥结构。结果表明：配施有机肥显著提高茶园土壤pH，有效阻控茶园土壤酸化；提高茶园土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量，提高幅度随着有机肥施用比例的增加而增加。配施有机肥处理土壤微生物生物量碳（SMBC）、氮（SMBN）分别比对照处理提高41．70％～72．23％和49．66％～75．63％，土壤微生物商（SMBC／SOC）和微生物生物量氮占土壤总有机氮的比例（SMBN／TN）分别比对照处理提高38．46％～43．85％和16．84％～72．96％；土壤基础呼吸量以全量施用有机肥处理最低，75％有机肥配施25％化肥处理最高；配施有机肥处理土壤呼吸商比对照处理降低20．94％～50．12％。适当的施肥结构促进茶树生长和提高茶叶品质，茶叶产量及品质以25％～50％有机肥配施75％～50％化肥处理较优。综合施肥结构对土壤基础性状、生物学性状和茶叶产量品质的影响，初步认为25％～50％有机肥配施75％～50％化肥（以氮素投入量计）是茶园系统较优的有机肥配施模式。
The combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer with different ratios of organic manure/ chemical fertilizer on properties of tea garden soil and the yield and quality of tea were investigated using 4-year （2009--2012） field experiments to determine appropriate fertilization mode for tea garden. The results showed that soil pH was increased and thus soil acidification was inhibited by the combined application of organic manure with chemical fertilizer. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in tea garden soil were improved, and increased with the increasing ratio of organic manure/chemical fertilizer. Compared with the control, the microbial biomass carbon （SMBC） and microbial biomass nitrogen （SMBN） were increased by 41.70%-72.23% and 49.66%-75.63%, respectively. The contents of soil microbial quotient （SMBC/SOC） and ratio of SMBN/TN were increased by 38.46%-43.85% and 16.84%- 72.96%, respectively. The treatment with only organic manure had the lowest content of soil basal respiration, while the treatment with organic manure/ chemical fertilizer ratio of 3 had the highest one. Appropriate fertilization mode could improve the growth, yield and quality of tea, treatments with 25%-50% organic manure and 75%-50% chemical fertilizer had the optimum yield and quality of tea. Based on the effects of fertilizer structure on soil basic properties, biological properties and the tea yield and quality, it was concluded that the combined application of 25%,50% organic manure with 75%,50% fertilizer （as nitrogen input） was the optimum mode for tea garden.
出处
《土壤》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第5期874-879,共6页
Soils
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD15B01)
福建省公益类科研院所专项(2014R1012-7)
福建省农业"五新"工程项目(2013)资助
