摘要
采用离体萌发法和联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定了4个杜鹃花（Rhododendron L.）品种琉球红[Rhodo-dendron obtusum （Lindl.） Planch. cv. Liuqiuhong]、大鸳鸯锦（R. obtusum cv. Dayuanyangjin）、小青莲（R. obtusum cv. Xiaoqinglian）、胭脂蜜（R. obtusum cv. Yanzhimi）的花粉生活力和柱头可授性,研究了开花特性、花粉保存时间和柱头发育情况。结果表明,适宜测定这4个杜鹃花品种花粉萌发的液体培养基为300 mg/L Ca （NO3）2.4H2O ＋200 mg/L MgSO4.7H2O ＋100 mg/L KNO3＋100g/L 蔗糖＋100 mg/L H3BO3,4种杜鹃花的新鲜花粉萌发力依次为大鸳鸯锦﹥胭脂蜜﹥琉球红﹥小青莲。低温有助于延长杜鹃花的花粉生活力,但同一品种在4℃和-18℃低温保存条件下花粉生活力无显著差异。大鸳鸯锦和胭脂蜜花粉低温贮藏30 d后仍有一定的生活力,是较好的杂交父本材料。琉球红花粉低温贮存30 d后生活力降到5％以下,不能用作父本进行授粉。琉球红在花后6~8d柱头可授性最强,其他3个品种均在花后5~9d柱头可授性最强,此时柱头分泌大量黏液,为授粉最佳时期。
The pollen vitality and stigma receptivity of Rhododendron obtusum （Lindl.） Planch. cv. Liuqiuhong, R. obtusum cv. Dayuanyangjin, R. obtusum cv. Xiaoqinglian and R. obtusum cv. Yanzhimi was studied by in vitro culture and benzidine-H2O2 testing method. The results showed that the suitable liquid culture medium for detecting the pollen germination of these Rhodo-dendron L. was 300 mg/L Ca （NO3）2.4H2O ＋ 200 mg/L MgSO4.7H2O ＋ 100 mg/L KNO3＋100 g/L sugar ＋ 100 mg/L H3BO3. The germinating capability order was R. obtusum cv. Dayuanyangjin﹥R. obtusum cv. Yanzhimi﹥ R. obtusum cv. Liuqiuhong ﹥ R. ob-tusum cv. Xiaoqinglian. Low temperature was helpful to prolong the pollen vitality. However, there was no significant difference between 4℃ and -18℃ treatment for Rhododendron pollen preservation. After 30 days storage, the pollen vitality of R. obtusum cv. Liuqiuhong decrease to below 5% and might not be applied as male parent for pollination. Meanwhile, the pollen vitality maintained at a certain level in R. obtusum cv. Dayuanyangjin and R. obtusum cv. Yanzhimi after 30 days storage with low tem-perature. Thus the above two cultivars might be good male parent for cross breeding. The stigma of R. obtusum cv. Liuqiuhong had the strongest receptivity in 6 to 8 days after blossoming, whereas the other three cultivars had the strongest receptivity in 5 to 9 days after blossoming, when the stigma secreted large amount of sticky fluid, thus was the best period for pollination.
出处
《湖北农业科学》
2015年第17期4232-4236,共5页
Hubei Agricultural Sciences
基金
武汉市农业科学技术研究院创新资助项目(CX201424)
