摘要
[目的]计算大气污染物浓度对社区上呼吸道疾病门诊就诊的相对危险度(RR),以评价不同污染物的效应差异。[方法]收集2011—2013年门诊病人资料及同期空气监测结果,采用分布滞后非线性模型(DLNM)计算空气污染物与上呼吸道疾病就诊量的RR值,并比较其滞后累积效应和剂量反应关系。[结果]各污染物水平与门诊量均有正相关性,且对上呼吸道疾病就诊量的影响随着浓度的增加而增加。SO2和PM2.5对上呼吸道门诊量的RR值在低浓度时效应增加较快,在高浓度时出现平台期或效应下降;NO2对上呼吸道门诊量的RR值在低浓度时相对较低,当天平台期效应不明显。SO2和NO2的最长滞后天数较短;PM2.5的累积效应更大,滞后天数更长。[结论]3种污染物均可增加上呼吸道门诊量,SO2和NO2的效应可能以急性为主,PM2.5的滞后效应更为明显。SO2在低浓度时就可以造成一定危害,而NO2在高浓度时效应增加更明显。
[ Objective ] To calculate the relative risk of health center visiting due to upper respiratory diseases associated with air pollutants and evaluate the health effects of various pollutants. [ Methods ] Data of outpatients and air monitoring were collected in 2011-2013. Distributed lag non-linear models （DLNM） were used to calculate the relative risk of health center visiting volume due to upper respiratory diseases associated with various air pollutants, and compare the lag-specific and dose- response relationships. [ Results ] Positive correlations were seen between selected air pollutants and outpatient number, and the outpatient number increased with higher concentrations. Steeper increases of the relative risk were found for sulfur dioxide （SO2） and fine particulate matters （PM2.5） at low concentrations, and plateaus or reductions were found at high concentrations. The relative risk for nitrogen dioxide （NO2） was lower at low concentrations, but the plateau period was insignificant on the day polluted. The longest lag days of SO2 and NO2 were short. The overall cumulative effect of PM2.5 was greater than the other pollutants, which caused longer lag days. [ Conclusion ] All three pollutants associate positively with health center visiting due to upper respiratory disease. Effects of SO2 and NO2 may be mainly acute, while lag-specific effect of PM2.5 may be more obvious. Adverse health effects could be seen at low SO2 concentration or at high NO2 concentration.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期909-913,共5页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
浙江省医药卫生科技项目(编号:2014KYA202)
宁波市科技局科研项目(编号:2014C50027)
江北区医药卫生科研项目(编号:2014C06)
宁波市科技惠民项目(编号:2015C50056)
关键词
上呼吸道疾病
空气污染物
滞后作用
分布滞后非线性模型
日门诊人数
upper respiratory disease
air pollutant
lag-specific effect
distributed lag non-linear model
daily outpatient number
