摘要
【目的】研究地膜覆盖对西藏土壤性质及玉米生长和产量的影响效应,为提高玉米栽培效益提供科学依据。【方法】以西藏林芝为研究区,选择"正红211"为供试玉米品种,以未覆盖地膜为对照,采用田间试验研究地膜覆盖对土壤性质和玉米生长、产量的影响。【结果】与未覆盖地膜相比,地膜覆盖可以有效提高土壤温度和含水量,降低土壤体积质量,增加土壤孔隙度和土壤微生物数量,其中细菌、放线菌、固氮菌和真菌数量分别增加了28.0%,29.17%,118.68%和50.95%。地膜覆盖可有效促进土壤N、P、K的转化,土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量明显提高,但有机质含量略有降低。地膜覆盖玉米生育进程提早,整个生育期缩短15d,实际产量显著增加。【结论】在西藏林芝地区采用地膜覆盖措施,可以改善土壤水热条件、营养条件和生物条件,使玉米显著增产。
【Objective】The effects of plastic mulching on soil properties and maize growth and yield were studied to provide scientific basis for improve maize planting.【Method】To elucidate the soil properties and maize yield changes under plastic mulching cultivation in Tibet,field plot experiments were conducted in Linzhi,using Zhenghong 211 maize as materials and no-mulching field as control.【Result】Compared with no plastic mulching,plastic mulching improved soil temperature and moisture,reduced soil bulk density and porosity,and increased soil microbial quantity.Bacteria,actinomycetes,nitrogen-fixing bacteria and fungi were increased by 28.0%,29.17%,118.68%and 50.95%,respectively.Plastic mulching also effectively promoted soil N,P,K transformation efficiency and contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P and K,but it slightly lowered organic matter content.Maize growth was advanced and the growth period was shortened by 15 d,which significantly increased actual yield.【Conclusion】Plastic mulching cultivation is a suitable cultivation method in Linzhi,Tibet to improve soil properties and increase maize yield.
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期14-18,26,共6页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAJ03B05)
关键词
玉米
地膜覆盖
土壤性质
西藏高原
maize
plastic film mulching
soil properties
Tibet plateau
