摘要
自然保护区在生态保护的同时也面临着当地发展的矛盾。本文基于陕西国家级自然保护区周边660户农民的调研数据,发现农民对政府主导的生态保护行为存在一定程度的负面情绪,主要原因是农民在提供环境服务的过程中也面临因土地产权受限导致的利益失衡问题。根据调研结果,本文指出自然保护区生态保护过程中存在收入、产权、退耕配置和生态补偿的扭曲行为。表现为农民的"失地化"、土地使用权受限、土地"闲置"、"级差配置"和"阶层配置"问题。基于以上问题,本文进一步在TRA和TPB理论的基础上,将环境行为意向作为预测行为的最重要因素,并考虑地域背景和制度背景对个体行为意向的影响,提出自然保护区地域背景和生态补偿制度缺陷下生态保护的"扭曲"行为对农民保护与发展冲突意识影响的研究假说。通过实证研究,本文发现在生态保护过程中对农民收入的长期扭曲以及"退耕配置"、"级差配置"、"阶层配置"等扭曲行为都弱化了居民的生态保护意向,而增强了其发展的意向,折射了生态保护过程中农民生态保护和求发展意向的对立冲突,这印证了本文所提出的假说。本文的研究具有以下政策启迪:一是要尊重农民作为环境服务交易主体的平等地位,改变现行"地方势力"在补偿过程中的扭曲行为;二是建立健全土地产权制度。在排他性、转移性、执法性原则的基础上推动自然保护区的民众参与、民主决策、合作共赢;三是推进失地农民的"市民化"进程,解决其长久的生计问题;三是要完善生态补偿制度,考虑农民在生态保护过程中的长久损失;四是完善野生动物侵害土地生产的补偿制度。
The nature reserve is also facing the contradiction of the local development at the same time. Based on Shaanxi national natural protection zones around the survey data involving 660 households of farmers,we found that farmers had a certain degree of negative emotions for the ecological protection behavior,due to the interests imbalances caused by land property right limited.According to the research results,this paper points out that the distortion of income,property rights,grain allocation and ecological compensation exist in the process of ecological protection of nature reserves,and behaviors mentioned above cause problems of landless farmers,restricted land use rights,＂idle land＂,＂differential configuration ＂and ＂class configuration ＂. Based on TRA and TPB theories,taking environmental behavior intention as an important factor,and considering impact of regional background and system background on individual behavior intention,it put forward hypothesis that under the regional background and ecological compensation system defects,ecological protection ＂twisted behavior ＂ affects farmers ＇protection and development conflict awarness. Through empirical research, this paper finds that the income of the farmers long-term distortions and land allocation＂,＂differential configuration＂,and ＂class configuration ＂distortions weaken the intention of ecological protection of residents,and enhance the development intention,and reflect conflicts between the farmers＇ ecological protection and the development intention,which confirms the hypothesis proposed in this paper. This study has the following policy implications： first,regarding farmers as the main body of environmental trading services,and changing the current＂distorted behavior in the process of compensation＂; second,establishing and perfecting the system of land property rights; third,promoting landless peasants ＂urbanization ＂ process to resolve the long-term livelihood issues; third,to improving the ecological compensation
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期139-149,共11页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"完善生态补偿机制研究"(编号:12&ZD072)
国家社会科学基金项目"基于包容性和可持续性双重视角的矿产资源出让收益分享机制研究"(编号:13CJY041)
国家社会科学基金青年项目:模块化创新推动中国制造业升级的机制分路径研究(编号:13CJY058)
国家自然科学基金项目"西部区域创新环境质量评价
监测与空间差异研究"(编号:71273209)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目"资源收益流向与非资源产业培育:对接机制与政策研究"(编号:12YJCZH177)
关键词
生态保护
土地流转“扭曲”
保护意向
发展意向
ecological protection
land transfer distortion
protection intention
development intention
