摘要
根据石油勘探资料和前人成果,对昆仑造山带以北、贺兰山构造带以西的塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地、柴达木盆地及阿拉善—河西走廊—中祁连地区的盆地结构进行了分析。结果表明:盆地都赋存在稳定的板块(地块)之上,具有多期叠合与改造特征,不同时期具有不同的盆地类型;震旦纪—早二叠世主要受古亚洲洋构造域控制,以板块(地块)之间的开合与盆地的形成、消亡为特征,中生代为欧亚大陆的组成部分,盆地、山脉的形成受特提斯洋及深部构造背景的影响,新生代受印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞产生的远距离效应,形成了现今盆山构造格局;盆地深部构造与盆地之间的相互作用、盆地深部构造与造山带深部构造的相互作用以及浅层盆地与造山带之间的相互作用构成了西北地区盆地动力学演化的基础;西北地区含油气盆地经历了洋-陆转化和陆内演化两大盆地演化阶段,在两大盆地演化期间,新疆北部、塔里木、柴达木及阿拉善—河西走廊—中祁连地区的盆地形成与消亡改造的关键构造事件具有一致性;受区域大地构造的控制,准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地以及阿尔金构造带以东地区的沉积建造、构造活动特征存在显著差异,控制了盆地烃源岩发育部位与层系,形成了具有不同特征的古隆起和山前构造带,使得各盆地油气聚集的控制因素也存在差异性。
According to petroleum exploration data and previous results, the structures of Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin, Qaidam Basin and the basin groups of Alxa-Hexi Corridor-Middle Qilian in the north of Kunlun orogenic belt and the west of Helan mountain structural belt were analyzed. The results show that those basins, which are superposed and transformed in many periods, exist on the stable plate （block）, and have different types in different periods; Northwest China is in the paleo Asian tectonic zone from Sinian period to Paleozoic, basins are formed and disappeared by the open and closure between plates （blocks） during that time, to Mesozoic, Northwest China becomes part of Eurasian continent, the formations of basins and mountains are affected by Tethys ocean and the deep tectonic background, the far distance effect produced by the collision of India plate and Eurasia plate in Cenozoic forms the present basin-mountain structure~ the interaction effects between the deep tectonic and basin, between the deep tectonics of basin and orogenic belt, and between the shallow basin and orogenic belt, form the foundation of the basin dynamic evolution in Northwest China~ petroliferous basins in Northwest China experience two basin evolution stages, that is, the ocean continent transformation and the intra continental evolution; the key tectonic events about the basin formation and disappearance reconstruction are consistent in the north of Xiniiang, Tarim Basin, Qaidam Basin and the basin groups of Alxa Hexi Corridor-Middle Qilian during the basin evolution periods; controlled by the regional geotectonics, there are significant differences between the sedimentary formation and the characteristics of tectonic activity in Junggar Basin, Tarim Basin and the east area of Arkin tectonic belt; the regional geotectonics control the development regions and strata of source rocks in the basin, form paleo uplifts and piedmont tectonic belts with different characteristics, and make the oil and gas accumulation controlling factors
出处
《地球科学与环境学报》
CAS
2015年第5期1-16,共16页
Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划("九七三"计划)项目(2011CB201101
2014CB239001)
国家科技重大专项项目(2011ZX05001-06)
关键词
盆地动力学
叠合演化
油气聚集
区域构造
西北地区
basin dynamics
superposed evolution
petroleum accumulation
regional tectonic
Northwest China
