摘要
选择石家庄市9家典型制药企业作为研究目标,在对生产工艺进行调查的基础上研究了VOCs的排放特征,并利用国际公认的健康风险评价模型对制药行业排放的典型VOCs的健康风险进行了初步评价。结果表明,9家研究企业排放的VOCs浓度在10.6~162 mg·m-3间,抗生素类生产企业是主要排放源;识别出的9种典型VOCs为丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙醇、甲醇、二氯甲烷、正丁醇、异丙醇、甲苯;通过源成分谱确定出不同制药类型排放源的主要污染物:发酵类抗生素为乙酸丁酯(40%)、乙酸乙酯(31%)和正丁醇(17%);半合成类抗生素为丙酮(55%)、异丙醇(15%)和二氯甲烷(12%);维生素类为乙醇(41%)、丙酮(34%)和甲醇(13%);中药类为乙醇(75%)、甲醇(12%)。制药行业排放的VOCs健康风险危害指数为2.08×10-5,低于国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受水平,不会对暴露人群健康造成非致癌危害;正丁醇的危害指数最高,贡献率为48%。各典型制药企业排放口中二氯甲烷的致癌风险值在1.37×10-5~9.28×10-4间。
Emission characteristic and health risk of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were assessed for 9 typi- cal pharmaceutical enterprises in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province. The results showed that the concentrations of VOCs emitted from the nine enterprises ranged from 10.6 to 162 mg·m^-3, and antibiotic fabrications are main emis- sions sources. Nine components in VOCs including acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, dichlo- romethane, n-butanol, isopropanol and toluene could be identified. The major contributors in VOCs depend on dif- ferent pharmaceutical processes, and are as follows: butyl acetate (40%), ethyl acetate (31% ) and n-butanol (17%) for fermentation; acetone (55%), isopropanol (15%) and dichloromethane (12%) for semi synthesis; ethanol (41%), acetone (34%) and methanol (13%) for vitamins, ethanol (75%) and methanol (12%) for traditional Chi- nese medicine. The non-carcinogenic risk of VOCs from the pharmaceutical enterprises is about 2.08 × 10^-5, which is below the maximum acceptable level recommended by the international commission on radiological protection. Among the stressors, the highest hazard index is due to n-butanol which contributes as high as 48% of the total risk. The major contributor for carcinogenic risk of VOCs in emission sources is dichloromethane and is about 1.37× 10^-5 - 9.28× 10^-4.
出处
《生态毒理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期177-186,共10页
Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology
基金
国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201109004)
河北省科技支撑项目(13273702D)
关键词
VOCS
排放特征
健康风险
石家庄
制药行业
VOCs
emission characteristics
health-based risk
Shijiazhuang
pharmaceutical industry