摘要
【目的】胶质类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus mucilaginosus)和慢生大豆根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium japonicum)作为微生物肥料的生产菌种,凭借其良好的解钾溶磷促生效果及共生固氮功能,广泛应用于农业生产,目前对其单一菌种促生或固氮效果及机理已有较多报道。本研究旨在开展胶质类芽孢杆菌与慢生大豆根瘤菌复合接种研究,评价其接种效果,并对作用机理初探,为开发功能复合型微生物菌剂,丰富微生物肥料产品提供技术支持。【方法】田间小区试验在山东省泰安市农业科学院邱家店科研基地进行。设T1(空白对照),T2(胶质类芽孢杆菌3016单接种),T3(慢生大豆根瘤菌5136单接种),T4(胶质类芽孢杆菌3016和慢生大豆根瘤菌5136复合接种)和T5(常规施肥)5个处理,4次重复。分析大豆播种前(0 d)、花荚期(50 d)、鼓粒期(80 d)和成熟期(110 d)土壤肥力、土壤微生物区系的变化及对大豆品质的影响。【结果】接种胶质类芽孢杆菌和大豆根瘤菌的各处理均能提高单株籽粒重、产量和收获指数,其中以复合接种处理效果最优,分别高于对照处理12.8%、9.3%和41.0%,且差异显著;该处理下,大豆茎叶和籽粒的氮、磷、钾含量都具有较高水平,特别是籽粒钾、茎叶氮和茎叶磷,分别比对照提高了5.7%、9.3%和38.5%,复合接种能显著提高大豆产量和品质。在土壤肥力方面,施用胶质类芽孢杆菌、根瘤菌和化学肥料对土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质均有一定程度的改善和提高,其中以复合接种效果最佳,成熟期各指标分别比对照提高了16.5%、43.7%、8.5%和15.5%;相对于化学肥料,施用胶质类芽孢杆菌和慢生大豆根瘤菌的各处理,对土壤肥力提高效果更有持久性且对土壤p H影响更小,其中复合接种能显著改善土壤肥力。除此之外,复合接种还能够丰富土壤微生物群落多样性,提高微生物总量,尤其是增加细菌和放线菌数量,抑�
[ Objective ] Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and Bradyrhizobium japonicum are widely used as microbial fertilizers in agricultural application due to their beneficial properties, such as phosphorus-solubilization, potassium-release, growth-promotion,and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, respectively. They have all attracted considerable attention of researchers on their application effects and mechanisms when they were used as a single inoculation. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of both species onsoybean and reveal the mechanisms in order to provide certain theoretical supports for new multiple species inoculants of microbial fertilizers. [Method] A field experiment with five different fertilizing measures was carded out in Taian, Shandong Province, including T1 （the control）, T2 （inoculant of P mucilaginosus 3016）, T3 （inoculant of B. japonicum 5136）, T4 （co-inoculant of P mucilaginosus 3016 and B. japonicum 5136） and T5 （the regular fertilizer dose）. Four replicates for each treatment were designed. The effects on soybean growth, soil fertility and soil microbiological characteristics were analyzed. [Result] The results showed that inoculant of P. mucilaginosus 3016 and/or B. japonicum 5136 could improve seeds weight per plant, crop yield and harvest index, and T4 treatment was the highest and better than T1 with a rate of 12.8%, 9.3% and 41.0%, respectively. Co-inoculant could keep the N, P, K content in seeds, stems and leaves of soybean with the highest level, especially K of seeds, N and P of stems and leaves, which were increased by 5.7%, 9.3% and 38.5%, respectively. Co-inoculant could increase the soybean yield and quality. In terms of soil fertility, bio-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could improve the content of total N, available P, available K and organic matter in soil to some extent, and bio-fertilizer was better at persistence and less effect on soil pH. In this field experiment, the soil fertility in T4 treatment was the best, with an increase rate of 6.5%, 43.7%
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第18期3600-3611,共12页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(31200388,41450004)
中央级公益性科研院所专项资金(IARRP-2015-12)
国家“863”计划(2013AA102802-04)
