摘要
新街遗址是一处位于渭河流域,灞河东岸黄土台地的聚落遗址。该遗址从仰韶时代晚期延续至龙山时代早期,又以仰韶晚期的遗存为主。对新街遗址开展的系统浮选工作,获得了丰富的炭化植物遗存,包括粟、黍、稻、小麦、大豆和大麻六种农作物以及其他可鉴定的植物种子还包括狗尾草、野燕麦、野大豆、胡枝子、草木樨、藜、酸模叶蓼、委陵菜、异型莎草、一把伞南星、水棘针等。新街遗址出土的农作物中,粟、黍和水稻的绝对数量和出土概率都很高,而又以粟为最,这种农作物组合体现了新街遗址所在地区的旱稻混合农业经济模式。小麦、大豆遗存在新街遗址亦有少量的发现。通过对杂草种子组合分析,可以发现,以狗尾草、藜为代表的旱地杂草的数量远高于野大豆、异型莎草等湿地杂草,这一方面可能与当地粟作农业的大规模种植有关,另一方面也可能反映了新街遗址稻作的田间管理达到了一定水平。
The Xinjie Site was a settlement located at the Wei River Valley and the loess terrace of the Ba River＇s east bank. This site was lasted from Late Yangshao period to Early Longshan period, and the remains in Late Yangshao period were the dominant ones. Systemic flotation work was carried out in the Xinjie Site, which showed abundant charred botanical material in terms of charred wooden fragments and seeds. The seeds composed of six kinds＇ crops, including Setaria italica,Panicum miliaceum, Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Glycine max and Cannabis sativa,and other known weeds involving Setaria viridis,Avena fatua,Glycine soja,Lespedeza bicolor,Melilotus suaveolens,Chenopodium album,Polygonum lapathifolium,PotentiUa chinensis,Cyperus difformis, Arisaema erubescens,Amethystea caerulea etc. Among the crops excavated in the Xinjie Site,Setaria italica, Panicum miliaceum and Oryza sativa are the three richest ones both in the number of Absolute Counts and Ubiquity,while Setaria italica is the leading crop of the three ones. The composition of these crops shows the characteristic agricultural mode in the region where the dominant crops are millets and rice. Some Triticum aestivum and Glycine max were also been found. Through the analysis of weeds＇ composition,we could find that the dry-land weeds represented by Setaria viridis and Chenopodium album are much more than the wet-land weeds,like Glycine soja and Cyperus difformis,which may associate with the large-scale cultivation of Setaria italica,or might reflect certain high level of field management of Oryza sativa.
出处
《南方文物》
北大核心
2015年第3期36-43,共8页
Cultural Relics in Southern China
关键词
植物遗存
浮选
农作物
旱稻混合农业
Plant Remains, Flotation, Crops, Mixed Farming with millets and rice
