摘要
目的探讨传染病医院护士职业暴露发生的原因,以便做好职业暴露的应对和预防,减少职业暴露对护士造成的伤害。方法回顾性调查2011年1月-2013年6月某传染病医院护士职业暴露发生情况,对高危因素、暴露方式、暴露程度、暴露发生地点、暴露源及预防用药等进行分析。结果 2011年1月-2013年6月医院共发生职业暴露38例,其中护士32例,占84.21%;职业暴露方式以针刺伤、玻璃割伤、血液体液污染为主,分别占62.5%、25.0%和9.4%;暴露地点以病房为主,占62.50%,暴露部位以手部为主,占96.88%,损伤程度以少量出血或无出血为主,占87.50%;护士职业暴露的暴露源以乙型肝炎为主,占43.75%;受到暴露危害后,100.0%护士采取了紧急处理措施;护龄〈1年的锐器伤发生率16例,发生率50.00%,2-5年13例,发生率40.63%,〉5年3例,发生率9.38%。结论护士是发生职业暴露的高危人群,加强相关知识培训,规范操作程序,实施标准预防及暴露后的有效干预,是降低和预防职业暴露的有效途径。
OBJECTIVE To investigate the causes of occupation exposure of nurses in the hospital for infectious diseases and take effective measures of protection and prevention to reduce damage of occupation exposure to nurses.METHODS A retrospective survey was conducted on occupation exposure of nurses in the infectious hospital in Jan.2011 to Jun.2013.The high risk factors,exposure mode,exposure degree,exposure place,sources of exposure and preventive medication were analyzed.RESULTS Totally 38 cases of occupation exposure occurred during Jan.2011 to Jun.2013 were retrospectively analyzed,including 32 nurses accounting for 84.21%.The main exposure modes were needle stabbing（62.5%）,glass cutting（25.0%）and contamination by blood and body fluids（9.4%）.Exposure mainly happened in wards（62.50%）and hands were mainly exposed（96.88%）.For damage degree,a little bleeding or none bleeding was common（87.50%）.The exposure source was mainly hepatitis B（43.75%）.After exposure,100.0% of nurses took emergency treatment.There were 16cases（50.00%）of injuries by sharp instruments in nurses working less than 1year,13cases（40.63%）in those working for 2-5years and 3cases（9.38%）in those working over 5years.CONCLUSIONNurses are the high-risk population of occupation exposure.Strengthening of related knowledge training,standard operating procedures,implementation of the standard prevention and effective intervention after exposure are effective ways to reduce and prevent occupation exposure.
出处
《中华医院感染学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第18期4300-4302,共3页
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology
基金
陕西省社发攻关基金资助项目(2014K11-05-09)
关键词
护士
传染病医院
职业暴露
防护
Nurses
Hospital for infectious diseases
Occupation exposure
Protection
