摘要
目的研究广州市接触粉尘作业对劳动者肺通气功能的影响,并探讨肺通气功能与胸片在评估生产性粉尘对接触工人健康监护中的作用。方法随机抽取广州市700名接触粉尘工龄4年或以上工人进行肺通气功能测定及胸片检查,同时抽取年龄、性别均与接触组匹配的不接尘工人700名作为对照组。对两组人群作肺通气功能比较,并对接触组的肺通气功能及胸片结果进行比较分析。结果接触组FEV1占预计值百分比、FEV1/FVC两项指标均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Kappa检验,接触组FVC、FEV1两项肺通气功能检测结果和胸片检查结果的吻合系数分别为0.036、-0.042(P均>0.05),经Mc Nemar检验,两种诊断方法吻合度弱,肺通气功能检测阳性率高于胸片;FVC与FEV1异常率具有一致性,吻合系数为0.623(P<0.01)。结论接触粉尘者肺通气功能损伤的发生概率比未接触粉尘者大;肺通气功能检查更能在疾病早期发现异常,而胸片可对肺部实质性损害提供证据,两者可综合应用于粉尘作业的健康监护评价中。
Objective To observe the adverse effects of occupational exposure to dust on workers＇ pulmonary ventilation function and to discuss the role of pulmonary ventilation function and chest X-ray examinations in the health surveillance among dustexposed workers. Methods The pulmonary ventilation function and chest X-ray examinations were done among 700 dust-exposed workers with exposure time more than 4 years and 700 workers without any records of dust exposure. Results The indicators of the pulmonary function,the standardized FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were lower in the exposed workers（P〈0.05）. Kappa test showed that change of FVC and FEV1 were not consistent with the results of chest X-ray examination（the matching coefficient,0.036and- 0.042,P〉0.05）. By Mc Nemar test,it was noted that change of the pulmonary ventilation function was more obvious than the change of the chest radiograph;while FVC and FEV1 had good correlation（the matching coefficient,0.623,P〈0.01）.Conclusion The dust exposure caused the damage of pulmonary function. The pulmonary ventilation function and chest X-ray examination should be included in the regular health surveillance,since change of pulmonary ventilation function occurred very early if there was damage.
出处
《职业卫生与应急救援》
2015年第4期266-268,共3页
Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue
基金
广州市民生科技重大项目(编号:2014Y2-00067)
广东省"十二五"医学重点专科(编号:粤卫函[2012]20号)
广州市医学重点学科建设项目(编号:穗卫科[2013]21号)
广州市职业环境与健康效应实验室建设项目(编号:2014SY000020)
广州市"121人才梯队工程"后备人才项目
关键词
粉尘
肺通气功能
胸片
dust
pulmonary function
chest radiogram
