摘要
农田土壤重金属含量是否超标或者造成污染,直接关系到农产品质量安全、人类和动物的健康。有效地防控农田土壤重金属污染,无疑是耕地土壤质量的内容,也是一个重要的评价指标。文章综述了农田土壤重金属污染的特点,分析了建立预警预测体系的重要性和当前造成预警预测体系建设滞后的原因,提出重点从科学制定规划,实施优化布局;组建骨干队伍,实施项目带动;完善顶层设计,实施集成配套;依靠科技创新,实施集成推广;完成组网建库,实施资源共享等5个运营与管理环节抓好农田重金属污染预警预测系统的构建。同时从实际应用角度,研究并提出了农田重金属污染的防控思路与主要技术对策。具体包括5个方面:一是研究并完善农业产地重金属评价方法与技术体系;二是研究并完善农业产地重金属污染的物理防控技术;三是研究并完善农业产地重金属污染的化学防控技术;四是研究并完善土壤重金属含量阈值及安全利用技术;五是研究并完善农业产地重金属污染的生物防控技术。力求为构建与完善农田土壤重金属污染预警预测体系以及有效实施防控提供参考和借鉴。
Farmland soil heavy metal content is excessive or cause pollution, is directly related to the quality and safety of agricultural products and human and animal health. Effective prevention and control of farmland soil heavy metal pollution, no doubt, is the content of the farmland soil quality, is also an important evaluation index. Reviewed in this paper the characteristics of farmland soil heavy metal pollution, the importance of establishing early warning and forecasting system and the reason of its delay is analyzed. Five operation and management links are proposed to conduct farmland heavy metal pollution early warning forecasting system construction, including implementing the optimal layout and the scientific planning and; forming the backbone of the team and promoting the implementation of the project; improving the top-level design and implementation of integrated supporting; relying on scientific and technological innovation and implementation of the integrated promotion; completing the network construction and implementing resource sharing. At the same time from the point of view of practical application, research and put forward the methods and main technical fields of heavy metal pollution prevention and control countermeasures. Specific include five aspects： one is to study and improve agricultural origin evaluation method and technology system of heavy metals. 2 it is to study and improve agricultural origin physical prevention and control technology of heavy metal pollution. Three is to study and improve agricultural origin chemical prevention and control technology of heavy metal pollution. Four is to study and improve the soil heavy metal content threshold and safety use of technology; Five is to study and improve agricultural origin biological prevention and control technology of heavy metal pollution. Strive to build and perfect the farmland soil heavy metal pollution early warning and forecasting system and effective prevention and control to provide the reference and reference.
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第7期1253-1258,共6页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD14B15
2012BAD14B03)
福建省科技重大专项(2012NZ0007)
福建省农业科学院创新团队项目(CXTD1-05)
关键词
农田土壤
重金属污染
防控
技术对策
farmland soil
heavy metal pollution
prevention and control
technical countermeasures
